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MORPHOLOGY OF GYMNOSPERMS 



fused by their adaxial (posterior) margins. His illustrative material 

 consisted of a cone of Larix, in which the ovuliferous scale was 

 replaced by a short branch bearing two leaves transversely placed 

 (that is, their margins adaxial and abaxial with reference to the main 

 axis), the bract developing as a foliage leaf. This view was accepted 

 later by Caspaey, Parlatore, Oersted, Von Mohl, Stenzel, 

 Englemann, Willkomm, and Celakovsky. 



Fig. 271. — Ovulate structures of various Abietineae: i, Abies peclinala, ovulate 

 strobilus; 2, dorsal view of its bract and ovuliferous scale; 3, ventral view of same; 

 4, longitudinal section of same; 5, a winged seed; 6, longitudinal section of seed; 

 7, Pinus silvestris, ventral view of ovuliferous scale; 8, Larix europaea, ovuliferous 

 scale and bract with bristle; p, longitudinal section of same. — After Kerner (41a). 



It is of interest to note that as late as i860 Baillon announced 

 (7) his opposition to the claim of gymnospermy, a position which 

 he maintained persistently, basing it upon the first really careful 

 researches in the organogeny of the structures under discussion. He 

 sustained Schleiden's view that the ovuliferous scale is an axis, 

 but regarded it as an axillary shoot rather than a placenta. 



In i860 Dickson recorded (9) some cones of Picea excelsa in which 

 the lower bracts were replaced by stamens, while the upper bracts 



