CHAPTER IV 



THE WAYS OF LIFE 

 (Modes of Animal Behaviour) 



' jBacb of bcr works bas an essence ot its own ; eacb of ber 

 pbenomena a special cbaracterisatfon ; anO get tbelr Divers 

 sitB is in unitg. . . .' 



' Sbe bas always tbougbt an& alwags tbinJis ; tbougb not 

 as a man, but as mature. Sbe broo&s over an alI=compre» 

 benDing IDea, wbicb no searcbing can finD out. . . .' 



' Sbe creates nceDs because sbe loves action. 'QClonDrous ! 

 tbat sbe pro&uces all this action so easilg. Everg nee5 is a 

 benefit, swiftlg satlsfieo, swiftlg reneweO. Everg fresb 

 want is a new source of pleasure, but sbe soon reacbes an 

 equilibrium.' 



'Sbe bas neitber language nor Discourse; but sbe creates 

 tongues an& bearts, bg wbicb sbe feels an& speaks.' 



— Ooethe's Aphorisms, translated by Huxley. 



What is Animal Behaviour ? — Behaviour of the Lower Animals : 

 — Tropisms and more than Tropisms — The Study of Animal 

 Instinct — Instances of Instinctive Behaviour — The Tale of 

 the Black White Ant — Specialized Character of Many Instincts 

 — Limitations of Instinct — Some Difficult Phenomena : ' Feign- 

 ing Death', 'Bluffing', 'Homing', 'Masking' — Intelligent 

 Behaviour — Instinct and InteUigence — Educated Animals. 



THERE can be no doubt that investigators of animal 

 behaviour during the last quarter of a centujy have 

 been much less generous than their predecessors, and that 

 they have in their parsimony greatly advanced our under- 

 standing. For it is an important rule in science to make the 



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