82 



appeared superfluous to spray them again 

 in the spring, so I only sprayed the sorts 

 that were most liable to scab; the result 

 was that where they were only sprayed 

 once, I had a considerable attack of apple 

 sucker, and that where they were sprayed 

 twice they were practically free from this 

 pest, so much so that I did not have to 

 spray for this, but had to spray where 

 autumn spraying only had been done. 

 These trees were mixed in various plan- 

 tations, and were seen by many growers. 

 All agreed that it must be the use of lime- 

 sulphur solution, and, personally, I am 

 of the same conviction. 



I also find that it will at once kill goose- 

 berry mildew, and that if it is used from 

 time to time as the young wood grows, 

 that this disease may be prevented. 



I persuaded one hop grower to use it 

 on a piece of very mouldy hops; he told 

 me that it killed the mould straight away, 

 and that it was the cleanest piece of hops 

 that he grew last season. The variety 

 was, I believe, Tolhurst's Goldings. 



I could quote many more instances as 

 to its beneficial qualities, and might men- 

 tion that I use it on everything: — Nuts, 

 gooseberries, currants, roses, as well as 

 apples, plums, and pears. 



I strongly advise the use of factory- 

 boiled or steam-boiled stuff, and not that 

 made in open coppers with a fire under 

 them. There are many good makes on 

 the market, and if experimented with, 1 

 am sure the result will be satisfactory. 



I have often heard it said that ma- 

 chinery with copper in it must not under 

 any conditions be used, for the spray will 

 damage it. This may be so, but I have 

 used the ordinary Vermorel Knapsack for 

 the past three years, when spraying small 

 trees, etc., and may say that these 

 machines are as good as ever; thus the 

 mischief is not great. 



Concentrated lime sulphur is made to a 

 specific gravity of 1.30. For winter 

 strength 1 gallon is used to 15 gallons of 

 water, for summer strength 1 gallon to 30 

 of water. In winter it has a cleansing 



effect; cleans off moss and lichen, prevents 

 the spread of apple scab and other fungoid 

 diseases, decreases aphis and apple 

 sucker. 



A coarse spray is used in winter, but a 

 fine spray is used in summer. 



Summer spraying with lime sulphur 

 prevents the spread of apple scab, and 

 brown rot on cherries and plums, but does 

 not affect insects, as it is not poisonous. 

 If the lime-sulphur is made on the farm, 

 the formula is : — 



Quicklime 6 lbs. 



Sulphur 3 lbs. 



Salt 3 lbs. 



Mix all together and add water to slake 

 the lime, and then add more water and 

 boil for nearly an hour; then make up to 

 10 gallons with water. 



Factory made lime-sulphur is generally, 

 however, considered better than home- 

 made. 



Cost of Spraying with Limb-Sulphue. 

 Some years ago Mr. W. E. Bear, of 

 Hailsham, Sussex, gave me particulars of 

 the cost of spraying 4y'jj acres of mature 

 plums, giving them a thorough washing 

 or, as he called it, a drenching. This was 

 pre-war. Voss charged 45s. per barrel of 

 40 gallons, less 5 per cent, for cash and 5s. 

 allowed for barrel when returned empty, 

 plus carriage full 2s. 3d., and return' of 

 barrel 9d. Net cost of solution. Is. 0|d. 

 per gallon. 



70 gallons used in 800 galls, water £3 12 2 

 Manual labour 2 7 



Total cost on 4Vw acres £5 19 2 



or £1 9s. Id. per acre, plus cost of horse 

 carting water, which was not charged. 



The dilution recommended for a strong 

 winter wash was 1 to 12. This was slightly 

 exceeded. 



The cost of summer wash of lime-sulphur 

 diluted 1 to 40 and sprayed lightly, would 

 probably not exceed 12s. per acre (pre- 

 war), as the wash would cost very little 

 and the men's time would be reduced. 



