191 



trated work on apples and pears in the 

 world. 



Among the introductions of the last 

 thirty-five years are steam and other 

 mechanical transport of fruit on road; 

 spraying machinery suitably designed for 

 orchards and fruit plantations; co-opera- 

 tive auction markets; fruit canning fac- 

 tories; improved and lighter cultivating 

 implements to save hand labour; box and 

 barrel packing of apples, and smaller 

 packages for soft fruits; investigations as 

 to insect and fungus pests of fruit; the 

 study of pollination and insect visitors of 

 fruit blossoms to thereby increase produc- 

 tion; motor cultivating and spraying 

 implement's for fruit plantations to save 

 horse labour; observations and experi- 

 ments in fruit growing problems, sprays, 

 manuring, pruning, &c., by the late Mr. 

 Spencer Pickering at Woburn, by the 



Eoyal Horticultural Society at Wisley, the 

 John Innes Horticultural Society at Mer- 

 ton, Dr. Dyer and Mr. Shrivell at Hadlow, 

 near Tonbridge ; the classification and trial 

 of different stocks used for apple, plum, 

 &c., at the Mailing and Bristol fruit ex- 

 periment stations ; the use of pigs to culti- 

 vate and manure fruit plantations ; the use 

 of the tramway on the fruit farm ; prepara- 

 tion of woodland previous to planting by 

 blowing up the tree stumps by high ex- 

 plosive as by the Brothers Fourdrinier at 

 Pershore; and powder spraying as prac- 

 tised by Mr. Paget Norbury at Malvern. 



As to the sources of some of the above 

 information I am chiefly indebted to 

 W. H. R. Ourtler's " A Short History of 

 English Agriculture"; Donald McDonald's 

 " Agricultural Writers, 1200 to 1800" ; and 

 the various essays on " Fruit Farming " 

 by the late Sir Charles Whitehead. 



