AFPEN-DIX. 133 



Propagation. — The seed grows readily if mixed with moist 

 sand and kept buried out of doors all winter. The plants may be 

 grown by division, but the common and preferred method is layer- 

 ing, by which it is easily increased. For this purpose any of the 

 branches are partially covered with earth, as recommended for the 

 propagation of the grape by layers. It wUl also grow from cut- 

 tings made up in the autumn and treated as recommended for 

 hardwood grape cuttings. 



BUFFALOBERRY. 



Buffaloberry. — In order to facilitate the planting of the 

 proper number of each kuid of plants one should familiarize him- 

 self with the peculiarities of each sex, and these are so distinct 

 and marked that a little careful observation will enable any one to 

 distinguish them when dormant. This is done by noting the shape 

 and form of the flower buds, which in the staminate plants are 

 large, round and very numerous. In the pistillate plants the buds 

 are fewer, smaller and oblong in form. 



APPLE. 



Root-killing is occasionally a very destructive source of in- 

 jury to apple trees. This comes from the practice of grafting on 

 roots that are too tender to stand our winters. It shows itself by 

 the root dying and the top remaining alive, and either growing by 

 means of roots sent out above the graft or by eventually dying for 

 lack of its own roots. This injury can be largely prevented by 

 mulching the soil around the trees in winter. Since' the disasters 

 from this cause in the winter of 1898-99 there has been much talk 

 in regard to the importance of hardy roots and seedlings from our 

 strongest growing crabs are now recommended as stocks for the 

 conmion apple. 



Prof. N. E. Hansen says that in Russia they have overcome 

 this trouble by grafting on the true Siberian crab {Pyrus bacccUa). 

 This is a rather dwarf tree having very small fruit, in which it is 

 very prolific. It can hardly be found in this country, but is easily 

 grown, and if wanted will soon be abundant. The seed grows very 

 readily. As a stock it has a tendency to dwarf the trees grafted 

 on it, and there is some question abdut its being well adapted to 

 the apple. This matter is in a rather experimental stage and 

 needs some careful trials. It is also recommended to graft on seed- 

 lings from large hybrid crabs, such as Transcendant and Virginia, 



