RIVER FISH AND FISHING. 383 
Shrimps arc much used for angling in tide waters, and 
are good baits for perch, if used alive. 
The cockchafer is a common bait, but is not of much 
value in angling, except for chub. 
Dung beetles, of various kinds, are also employed, 
and some anglers use them after removing their wing-cases. 
They should be placed crosswise on the hook. 
Grasshoppers form good baits for some fish, and are 
much used for chub in particular. They are met with 
after the beginning of June till the end of September. 
The greener and larger they are, the better they take. 
Butterflies and moths are also sometimes efficient 
baits, but their artificial representations are more common- 
ly used. 
The ephemera, or natural May-fly, is used as a 
bait during the period when it comes forth in countless 
myriads. By baiting with this fly in May and June suc- 
cess is often attained, putting two flies on the hook at the 
same time. 
Caddis-flies are also used in the same way as the 
ephemera. 
Humble bees, blue-bottle flies, gnats, and ant-flies are 
held in estimation by many anglers, as well as the harry- 
long-legs, and the common house-fly. 
Many larve or grubs are used in bottom-fishing, 
and are of great service in that department. Of these 
the principal are—Ist, flesh maggots ; 2d, beetle larve; 
3d, caddies; and 4th, caterpillars. 
Flesh maggots, or gentles, are obtained and scoured 
in the following manner :—Procure any kind of flesh, or 
