RIVER FISH AND FISHING. 397 
little varnish at each end, and the fly is complete. All 
palmers and hackles, figs. 2, 3, and 4, are made on this 
principle, substituting various feathers for the cock’s 
hackle, and various dubbings for the peacock-herl. 
SimeLe Wincev-Fiies.—Sometimes a pair of wings 
are tied on at the same time as the hackle-point, and after- 
wards the hackle is wound round the shank, and thus 
serves to keep the wings from lying flat against the hook 
when in the water. (See the black gnat, hare-lug, yellow 
sally, oak-fly, caperer, &c.) 
Tuz Buacx Gwat, fig. 5, is tied in the same way as 
the peacock hackle, using a smaller hook, No. 13, and 
fine black silk. A small black ostrich-herl forms the body, 
and a piece of the starling’s wing-feather the wings. A 
very fine black cock’s hackle is used for the legs. 
THe Hare-tve, fig. 6, is composed of a body consist- 
ing of a dubbing from the back of the hare’s ear, making 
it thin and neat towards the tail, and pretty stout near 
the shoulder. The hook is of the same size as in the black 
gnat, and the wings are the same. After these are tied, 
pick out a little of the dubbing to make the legs. 
Tur Yetuow Satyr, jig. 7, is tied exactly like the 
hare-lug, with the substitution of yellow or buff mohair or 
fur for that of the hare, and the addition of a fine yellow 
cock’s hackle for legs; wings from a feather from the 
inside of the thrush’s wing. Hook No. 12. 
Tur Oax-Fty, fig. 8—The body is made of brown 
mohair and a little hare’s ear-fur towards the tail. Legs of 
a bittern’s hackle, or partridge feather, or a furnace-cock’s 
hackle; wings of a woodock’s wing-feather. Hook No. 8. 
