NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL FLY-FISHING. 445 
to a great extent, and, indeed, wherever the salmonida@ are 
found, it may be freely indulged in. 
Natural fly-fishing consists in the use of the various 
living flies, grasshoppers, &c., which are found on the banks 
of rivers and lakes. It is practised by a process which is 
called dipping, but chiefly in such situations as are so 
much overhung with bushes as to preclude the use of the 
artificial fly. In these spots the water is generally still, 
and there is no possibility of offering the lure in any other 
position than a state of almost entire quiescence. Hence 
all imitations are easily discoverable ; and the real fly and 
grasshopper, &c., are the only surface-baits which the fish 
will take. 
Artificial fly-fishing, on the other hand, consists in the 
use of imitations of these flies, and also of other fancy flies, 
by means of an elastic rod and fine tackle, and by a process 
which is called whipping. All fish which will take the one 
will take the other kind of lure, but not always with an 
equal degree of avidity, as we shall hereafter find; but as 
the principle is the same in both cases, they are better 
treated of together, rather than to go over the same ground 
a second time. 
THE APPARATUS REQUIRED IN DIPPING AND WHIPPING. 
The tackle for dipping is much more simple than that 
employed in whipping, and it consists of a moderately 
short and stiff rod; the spinning or trolling-rod, minus its 
butt joint, answers this purpose well,—of a short but 
strong reel-line of hand-twisted hair—of a single length— 
