446 MANUAL FOR YOUNG SPORTSMEN. 
or two at most of gut— and a fine hook suited in size to 
the bait and fish. In dipping, it is usual to lengthen or 
shorten the line, which is used from a foot in length to 
two or three yards, by coiling it round the end of the top 
joint, and uncoiling it as the line is wished to be extend- 
ed, and after the rod has been insinuated through the trees 
or bushes growing on the banks. Some anglers use a reel 
fixed upon the lower part of the second joint, and with a 
hair-line it acts pretty well; but with a plaited one, it is 
difficult to protrude the line from the end of the rod with- 
out so great a degree of disturbance as to alarm the fish. 
The uncoiling from the end of the rod is not unattended 
with this disadvantage; but itis less objectionable than 
doing so entirely from the reel; though I think, for the 
sake of convenience, that appendage may be added, taking 
care to have the lowest joint free, so as to be able to 
shorten the rod by that amount at pleasure. 
For whipping, or fly-fishing as it is generally called— 
that is, for the use of the artificial fly—a rod, either single 
or two-handed, according to circumstances, is required, 
with a-fine reel-line and large-barrelled reel; and also 
a long casting-line, with one, two, or three droppers, each 
armed with a fly. 
The fly-rod is either a single-handed one, or, when 
used for the larger varieties of the trout, or for salmon, 
the two-handed rod. Both of these rods are usually made 
of the same materials, and they differ only in size, the 
single-handed varying from 11 to 18 feet in length, while 
the two-handed extends from 14 to 20 feet. They are 
both usually made in four or five lengths, but in Scotland 
