UNGULATA. ' S57 



but the feet have only two functional toes, the other two toes 

 being much shorter, and hardly touching the ground. All the 

 three kinds of teeth are present, but they vary a good deal. 

 The canines always are very large, and in the males they usu- 

 ally constitute formidable tusks projecting from the sides of 

 the mouths The incisors are Variable, but the lower ones are 

 always inclined forwards. The molars vary from three to 



■1 — -z 7 — 7 



seven on each side of the mouth ( or ). The stom- 



3—3 7—7' 

 ach is mostly slightly divided, and is not nearly so complex as 

 in the Ruminants. The snout is truncated and cylindrical, 

 fitted for turning up the ground, and is capable of consider- 

 able movement. The skin is more or less abundantly covered 

 with hair, and the tail is very short, or represented only by a 

 tubercle. 



Of the true Swine, the best known and most important is the 

 Wild Boar (Sus scrqfa), from, which it is probable that all our 

 domestic varieties of swine have sprung. The Wild Boar 

 formerly inhabited this country, and is still abundant in many 

 of the forests of Europe. It is often hunted, and the size and 

 sharpness of its canines render it a tolerably formidable adver- 

 sary, as is also its congener, the Indian Hog {Sus Indicus). 

 Another curious fotm, closely related to the Wild Boar, is the 

 Babyroussa {Sus Babyrussd), which inhabits the Malayan Pen- 

 insula, and some of the islands of the Indian Archipelago. It 

 is remarkable for the great size and backward curvature of the 

 upper canines. The upper canines pierce the upper lip in the 

 males, and their alveoli are directed upwards. The legs are 

 very long and slender; hence the name "Hog-deer" some- 

 times applied to it. 



The African Wart-hogs, forming the genus Phacochcerus, are 

 distinguished by having a fleshy wart under each eye. They 

 inhabit Abyssinia, the Guinea coast, and other parts of Africa. 



The American Peccaries (Dicotyks) represent the Swine of 

 the Old World. They are singular for having only three toes 

 on the hind-feet, the outer of the two supplemental hoofs being 

 wanting, The canines are not exserted, there is no tail, and 

 there is a glandular pouch on the loins secreting a fetid fluid. 

 They are exclusively confined to America, and the commonest 

 species is the Collared Peccary {Dicotyks torquatus). They 

 are not at all unlike small pigs either in their appearance or 

 in their habits, and they are gregarious, generally occurring in 

 small flocks. 



Forming a kind of transition between the Swine and the true 

 Ruminants, is the extinct group of the Anoplotheridce, from the 



