UNGULATA. S6l 



Musk-deer) have canine teeth in the upper jaw. These upper 

 canines, however, are mostly confined to the males; and if 

 they occur in the females, they are of a small size. The den- 

 tition of the Camelidce ^Camels and Llamas) is still more aber- 

 rant, there being two canine-like upper incisors and upper 

 canines as well. The lower canines also are more pointed 

 and stand more erect than the lower incisors, so that they 

 are easily recognisable. The group of the Jiuminantia in- 

 cludes the families of the Camdidcs (Camels and Llamas), the 

 Mosehidm (Musk-deer), the Cervidce (Deer), the Camdopard- 

 alidiB (Giraffe), and the Cavkornia (Oxen, Sheep, Goats, An- 

 telopes). . ; , 



a. Camdidm. — The Camels and Llamas constitute in many 

 respects an aberrant group of the Jiuminantia, especially in 

 their dentition, the peculiarities of which have been spoken of 

 above, and need not be repeated here. In their feet, too, the 

 Camelidce are peculiar. The feet are long and terminate in 

 only two toeSj which are covered by an imperfect nail-like 

 hoof, covering no more than the upper surface of each toe. 

 The two hinder supplementary toes, which are mostly pre- 

 sent in the Ruminants, are here altogether wanting ; and the 

 soles of the feet are covered by a callous horny integument, 

 by which .the two toes of each foot are conjoined, and upon 

 which the animal walks. The head in all the Camdidm is 

 destitute of horns, and the nostrils can be closed at the will of 

 the animal. 



The true Camels are peculiar to Asia and Africa, and two 

 species are known, distinguished from one another by the 

 possession of a double or single adipose hump on the back. 

 The African or Arabian Caxa^i. {Cameius Dromedarius) is often 

 called the Dromedary, and has only one hump on its back. 

 The two toes are united together by the callous sole ; and the 

 chest, shoulders, and knees are furnished with callous pads, 

 upon which they reet when they lie down. The hump is 

 almost entirely composed of fat, and appears to act as a kind 

 of reserve supply of food, as it is noticed £o diminish much in 

 size upon long journeys. The Camel can likewise support a 

 very prolonged privation of water, as the paunch is furnished 

 with large cells, which the animal fills when it has access to 

 water, and then makes use of subsequently as occasion may 

 require. The structure of the Camel adapts it admirably for 

 locomotion in the sandy deserts of Arabia and Africa ; and as 

 it is very docile and good-tempered, it is almost exclusively 

 employed as a beast of burden in the countries in which it 

 occurs. 



