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MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY. 



limbs are short, and are expanded into broad webbed swim- 

 ming-paddles (fig. 223, B). The hind-feet are placed very far 

 back, nearly in a line with the axis of the body, and they are 

 more or less tied down to the tail by the integuments. 



Section 11. Plantigrada. — This section comprises the Bears 

 and their allies, in which the whole, or nearly the whole, cf 

 the foot is applied to the ground, so that the animal walks 

 upon the soles of the feet (fig. 223, A). 



Section III. Digitigrada. — This section comprises the Lions, 

 Tigers, Cats, Dogs, &c., in which the heel of the foot is raised 

 entirely off the ground, and the animal walks upon the tips of 

 the toes (fig. 223, C). 



Fig. 223. — Feet ai Caniivora (after Owen). A, Plantigrada, Foot of Bear; 

 B, Pinnigrada, Hind-feet of Seal ; C, Digiiigradat Foot of Lion. 



Section I. Pinnigrada or Pinniped ia. — This section of 

 the Carnivora comprises the amphibious Seals and Walruses, 

 which differ from the typical Carnivores merely in points con- 

 nected with their semi-aquatic mode of life. The body in 

 these forms is elongated and somewhat fish -like in shape, 

 covered with a short dense fur or harsh hairs, and terminated 

 behind by a short conical tail. All the four limbs are present, 

 but are very short, and the five toes of each foot are united 

 together by the skin, so that the feet form powerful swimming- 

 paddles. The hind-feet are of large size, and are placed far 

 back, their axis nearly coinciding with that of the body (figs. 

 223, 224). From this circumstance, and from the fact that the 

 integument often extends between the hind-legs and the sides 

 of the short tail, the hinder end of the body forms an admir- 



