6i6 MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY. 



Four Mastodons occur in the Miocene of Europe, and three 

 in that of India. 



No Elephant has yet been discovered in the Miocene rocks 

 of Europe, but six species are known from Miocene strata in 

 India. In the Pliocene period Europe possessed its Elephants 

 (viz. E. prisms and E. meridionalis) ; but the best known of 

 the extinct Elephants, as well as the most modern, is the 

 Mammoth [E. primigenius, fig. 243). The Mammoth enjoyed 



Fig. 243.— Skeleton of the Mammoth (Eleji' as primigniutt- 



a very extended geographical distribution, remains of it occur- 

 ring in Britain, continental Europe, Siberia, and throughout a 

 large portion of North America. There can also be no ques- 

 tion but that the Mammoth existed in the earlier portion of 

 the human period. 



Order IX. Carnivora. — If the little Microlestes of the Upper 

 Trias be Marsupial, as is most probably the case, then the 

 order Carnivora is comparatively modern, the earliest un- 

 doubted remains having been found in the Eocene rocks. 

 The tribe of the Felidce is represented in the Miocene period 

 by the large Machairodus, with sabre-shaped upper canines. 

 Species of this genus must have been as large as a Lion. In 

 the later Pliocene and Post-pliocene deposits occur the remains 

 of a large I^ion — the Cave-lion or Felis spelaa — along with 

 which, in Britain and continental Europe, are the bones of a 

 large Hyisena (ZT. spelcea) and a gigantic Bear ( Ursus spelmus). 

 Remains of Wolves, Foxes, Badgers, Otters, Pole-cats, Weasels, 

 and other Carnivora are also found in various later Tertiary 

 deposits, and in bone-caves. 



Order X. Hodentia.—^o Rodent animal is as yet known to 

 have occurred earlier than the Eocene period. Here are found 

 forms allied to the living Dormouse and Squirrel. In the 



