If a chicken has tuberculosis the symptoms are: lack of 

 life, emaciation with indications of indigestion, but there is 

 in tuberculosis a decided rise in temperature and, during the 

 last stages, violeint diarrhoea. It is not possible to outline the 

 symptoms so surely you can absolutely rely upon them in 

 diagnosing the disease. It is a germ disease, and a bacteriol- 

 ogist only could give a definite opinion after examination, 

 but this is not possible or practical for many poultrymen. 

 A post mortem examination will usually reveal tubercules 

 and nodules throughout the liver and covering many of the 

 internal membranes. When, however, you find any of the 

 fowls "going light," as it is called, that are showing rapid 

 and extreme emaciation, with the above symptoms, take no 

 chances, but kill them at once. 



If a chicken has gapes, the first symptoms are a slight 

 cough; then, as the irritation becomes more acute, and the 

 worms grow l^i-ger, it causes the gaping which gives the 

 disease its name. This is usually accompanied by more or 

 less sneezing, difficulty in swallowing, breathing, etc. Inas- 

 much as the symptoms of this disease are very much like 

 those of bronchitis and pneumonia, you should be absolutely 

 certain of the presence of gapes before starting to treat the 

 fowls. This is best learned by examining the dead birds. 

 After opening the windpipe with a sharp knife, cutting 

 lengthwise, examine its lining and see if you can detect any 

 worms there. A magnifying glass will be found helpful. In 

 little chicks, the diagnosis is not usually difficult, as the con- 

 stant gaping is almost a sure indication, but older fowls may 

 gape becausie of some obstruction or from various other 

 causes. Besides this, in pneumonia or bronchitis there is a 

 rise in temperature, which is not true of gapes in its earlier 

 stages. 



If a chicken is crop-bound, the first symptom is a loss of 

 appetite or an effort of the bird to swallow without being 

 able to do so. The crop is seen to be very large and much 

 distended with contents which are more or less firmly packed 

 together. If permitted to continue, the condition becomes 

 aggrevated, the breathing difficult, and death may result. 



The contents of the crop may sometimes be removed by 

 forcing the bird to swallow a teaspoonful or more of sweet 

 oil, then massaging the lower part of the gullet if it con- 

 tains food, or, if not, the part of the crop nearest to the 

 gullet, until a part of the contents are softened and may be 

 pressed toward the head. This is made easier by holding the 



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