60 MAKE-SHIFT GAFF. [PART I. 
the knots in the casting-line are drawn together 
will appear thus. 
Fig. 8. 
Fastening for Bob-flies. 
I always, in making up my own casting-lines, 
use this description of knot throughout, finding 
it (so far as my experience goes) less likely to 
slip than any other. It may appear somewhat. 
complicated at first sight, but will be found very 
simple in practice. 
The following substitute for a gaff will be 
found to answer sufficiently well on a pinch, and 
save you the trouble of carrying about a regular 
gaff, when it may be inconvenient to do so. Whip 
any large, long-shanked hook on to a piece of 
string about five feet long, commencing at the 
bend and fastening off half-way up the shank, 
