146 KLEMENTS OF STRUCTURAL BOTANY. 



235. A strawberry (Fig. 202) is a fruit consisting chiefly 

 of a mass of pulp, having its surface dotted all over 

 with little carpels (achenes), similar to 

 those of the Buttercup. The flesh of tho 

 Strawberry is simply an enlarged rece}^- 

 tacle ; so that this fruit, also, is not a true 

 berry. 



236. The fruit of Sweet Brier (Fig. 45) 

 Fig. 202. consists of a red fleshy calyx, lined witli 

 a hollow receptacle which bears a number of achenes. Tiiis 

 fruit is, therefore, analogous to that of the Strawberry. 

 In the latter the achenes are on the outer" surface of a 

 raised receptacle, while in the former they are on the 

 inner surface of a hollow receptacle. ' 



When other parts^ of the flower are combined with the 

 ovary in fruit, as in Apple, Ebse, and Strawberry, the 

 result is sometimes described as a pseudocarp, or spurious*, 

 fruit. , • 



237. The cone of the Pine (Fig. 1,16) is a fruit which 

 differs in an important respect from all those yet mentioned, 

 inasmuch as it is the product, not of a single flower, but ■ 

 of as many flowers as there are scales. It may, therefore, 

 be called a collective or multi-pie fruit. The Pine Apple 

 is another instance of the same thing. 



238. Of dehiscent fruits there are some varieties which 

 redeive special names. The fruit of the Pea or Bean 

 (Fig. 188), whose pericarp splits open along 6of7t margins, 

 is called a legume; that of Marsh Marigold (Fig. 25), 

 which opens down one, side only, is a follicle. Both of 

 these are apocarpous. 



Fig. 203.— Section of a Strawberry. 



