EXAMINATION PAPERS. 229 



39. Sub-kingdoms and classes of the vegetable kiugdom. 



40. What is meant by a composite flower ? Dlustrate your answer 

 by reference to the dandelion, and point out in what respect its 

 flower-head differs from that of the common clover. 



41. Define what is meant by the terms Exogen and Endogen. 



42. Explain what is meant by the following : Stamens and petals 

 are, from a morphological point of view, leaves. 



What is the morphological nature of onion bulbs, and potato 

 tubers ? 



43. Name and describe the different parts of stamens and pistils. 

 Why are these two sets of organs called the essential parts of a 

 flower ? State what is meant by a staminate flower, and what by a 

 pistillate flower 1 How is fertilizatioii accomplished in the case of 

 the latter ? 



44. What is meant by the terms, berry, drupe, and pome 1 Wliy 

 ~cannot a raspberry or a strawberry be termed a true 'berry 1 



45. Draw outlines of the following forms of leaves : ovate, deltoid, 

 lanceolate, reniform, peltate, sagittate, hastate, cordate, obcordate. 



46. Define the following terms : involucre, glume, gynoecium, 

 micropyle, pappus, spadix, tendril, cyme. 



SECOND AND THIRD CLASS TEACHERS' CEETIFICATES, 

 PROVINCE OP ONTARIO. 



1. Name the parts of the pistil and staniens of a flower and give 

 their uses. 



2. What are Perennial plants ? Describe their mode of life. 



3. " There are two great classes of stems, which differ in the way 

 the woody partis arranged in the cellular tissue." Fully explain this. 



4. Describe the functions of leaves. How are leaves classified as 

 to their nieining. 



5. Name and describe the organic constituents of plants. 



6. Name the organs of reproduction in plants, and describe their 

 functions. 



7. Give, and fully describe, the principal parts of the flower. 



8. What are the different parts of a plant 7 Describe the functions 

 of each part. 



9. State all the ways by which an Exogenous stem may be 

 distinguished from an Endogenous. 



10. Describe the functions of leaves. What is the cause of their 

 fall in autumn ? Draw and describe a maple leaf. 



11. Name the difierent parts of a flower, and describe the use of 

 each part. Draw a diagram showing a stamen and a pistil and the 

 parts of each, 



