BKTULACEiE. , 207 



3. FA«irs, Tourn. Beech. 

 E. ferrugin'ea, Ait. (American Beech.) A very com- 

 mon tree in rich woods, the branches horizontal. Leaves 

 oblong-ovate, taper - pointed, toothed, the very straight 

 veins terminating in the teeth. 



I 4. COK'YLirs, Tonrn. Hazel-nut. Filbert. 



1. C. Ameriea'na, "Walt. (Wild Hazel-nut.) Leaver 

 roundish heart-shaped. Involucre spreading out above, leaf- 

 like and cut-tootJied.^Chie&y in south-western Ontario ; in 

 thickets. 



2. C. rostra'ta, Ait. (Beaked Hazel-nut.] A rather 

 common shrub, easily distinguished from No. 7 i .y the invo- 

 lucre, uhich is prolonged into a narrow tube much heyond the 

 nut, and is densely bristly-hairy. 



5. OS'TKYA, Micheli. Hop-Hokkbeam. Ikonwood. 

 0. Virgin'ica, Willd. (Iron-wood.) A slender tree with 

 brownish furrowed bark. Leaves oblong -ovate, taper- 

 pointed, sharply doubly serrate. Fertile catkin like a hop 

 in appearance. Wood very hard and close. — Eich Woods. 



6, CAKPI'SiBS, Li. Hornbeam. 

 C. America' na, Michx. (Blue or Water Beech.) Small 

 trees with furrowed trunks and close smooth gray bark. 

 Leaves ovate - oblong, pointed, doubly serrate. — Along 

 streams. Eesembling a beech in general aspect, but with 

 inflorescence like that of Iron- wood. 



Order LXXXIX. BETULA'CE.a;. (Birch Family.) 



Trees or shrubs with monoecious flowers, both sorts in 

 catkins, 2 or 3 flowers under each scale or bract of the catkin. 

 Ovary 2-celled and 2-ovuled, biit in fruit only 1-oelled and 

 1-seeded. Fruit a small nut. Stigmas 2, long and slender. 

 Twigs and leaves often aromatic. 



Synopsis or the Ctcner.i. 

 1. Bet'iila. Sterile'catkins long andpendulous, formed during summer 

 and expanding the following spring ; each flower conaisting of 



