214 COMMON CANADIAN WILD PLANTS. 



Subclass II. GYM'NOSPERMS. 



Ovules and seeds naked (not enclosed in a pericarp), 

 and fertilized by the direct application of the pollen. 

 -Represented in Canada by a single Order. 



Ordek XCIXI.' CONIF'ER.a:. (Pkte Family.) 



Trees or shrubs with resinous juice and mostly monceoious 

 flowers, -these in catkins, except the last Genus (Taxus), 

 in which the fertile flower is solitary and the fruit berry- 

 like. Leaves awl-shaped or needle-shaped. (See Part I., 

 Cap. xvi. . for descriptions of typical plants.) — The Order 

 comprises three well-marked Suborders. 



SuBOKDEK I. ABIETIN'E.S;. (Pine Family Pbopek.) 



Fruit a true cone, the imbricated scales in the axils of 

 hracls. Oviiles 2 on the inside of each scale at the base,, in 

 fruit coming off with a wing attached to each. Leaves 

 scattered or fascicled. (Part I., Figs. 197, 198.) 

 * Cones not ripening till the second year. 



1. Pliiiis. Leaves needle-shaped, 2-6 in a cluster, evergreen, in. the 



axil of a thin scale. Sterile catkins in spikes at the bases of the ' 

 new shoots, consisting of many almost sessile, antherS spirally 

 inserted on the axis. Cones more or less woody, the scales widely 

 spreading when ripe. Cotyledons of the embryo several. 

 ^ '^ Cones npeningtli^ first year. 

 H- Cones pendulous, b7'acts svialler than tile scales. 



2. I'l'cca. Loaves sessile, keeled on both sides, scattered. 



o. Tsu'ga. Leaves petioled, flat, scattered, whitened beneath. 



.*- -t- Cones erect, tlte bracts longer than the scales. 

 4. A'bics. Leaves linear or needle-shaped, scattered uniformly along 



the new shoots , evergreen. Sterile catkins in the axils of last year's. 



leaves. Cones with thin scales. 



r>. Larix. Leavesneedle-shaped, clustered or fascicled on lateral spurs 

 nf last year's wood, many in each bundle, .falling of)' in the au- 

 tumn; thpsQ on thQ new shoOts son^ergcl, bu^ (f^ciduous like the 



rest. 



