go QUEEN'S QUARTERLY. 



Saxon name is to be found, while in Calvados and La Manche, where 

 the Danish names are comparatively scarce, their place is occupied 

 by names of the Saxon type. The Northmen seem to have respected 

 the right of ownership of their kinsmen, the Saxons, and to have 

 dispossessed only the Celtic tribes who dwelt to the east and north- 

 west of the Saxon colony. Around Boulogne we find the names of 

 Sassetot (Saxon's field; tot or toft, Norse, related to turf, an in- 

 closure), Hermanville, Etreham, Ouistreham (Westerham), Ham- 

 bye, Le Ham, Cottun (Cow's yard), Heuland (highland). Plume- 

 tot (Bloomfield or Flowerfield), Caen, anciently written Cathem and 

 Catheim. There are also about thirty Saxon patronymics, with the 

 same families on the opposite coast of Hants, Dorset, Devon, and 

 Cornwall. Thus we have the following families located in both 

 France and England : 



France. England. 



Berrings, at Berigny and Berrington. 

 Bellings, at Bellengreville and Bellinger. 

 Callings, at Caligny and Callington. 

 Hardings, at Hardinvast and Hardenhuish. 

 Sulings at Soulangy and Sullington, etc. 



In fact it would be easy to prove only by means of the local 

 names that certain parts of modern France are as thoroughly Teu- 

 tonic in blood as any portion of England. 



On the northeastern side and even as far as Arras, Beauvais, 

 Amiens and Langres we have a race of German descent again, whose 

 ancestors were introduced in Gaul to defend the frontier by the 

 Roman rulers. Thousands of Frisians and others were transported 

 into that neighbourhood by the Emperor Julian. Charlemagne 

 brought in also a vast multitude of Saxons, including women and 

 children, at one time, and after another conquest every third man of 

 the conquered people. But by far the greater number of the German 

 names in France record, no doubt, the settlements of the Frank and 

 Burgundian conquerors themselves, who founded, judging their 

 colonization by means of the patronymic names, no fewer than 1,100 

 villages in France. It is worthy of note here that the German set- 

 tlers took possession of the fertile valleys of the great rivers, leaving 

 the barren uplands almost wholly undisturbed. The west and south 

 of modern France were unaffected by the Teutonic invasion. Of 

 these 1,100 patronymic German village-names in France, about one- 

 fourth are also to be found in England. 



