ANIMAL CONSCIOUSNESS 25 



old, old, question of the rationality of the lower forms 

 and thus changing radically the existing Weltan- 

 schauung, aroused world-wide interest. A flood of ar- 

 ticles appeared in the newspapers and magazines, two 

 monograph^''' attempts at explanation were devoted to 

 him.* He was made the subject of popular couplets, and 

 his name was sung on the vaudeville stage. He appeared 

 upon picture post-cards and upon liquor labels, and his 

 popularity was shown by his reincarnation in the form 

 of children's playthings. Many personages of note who 

 had seen the horse's exhibitions, declared, some of them 

 in public statements, that they were now convinced. 

 Among these, besides Mr. Schillings, were naturalists 

 of note ; e. g. : the African explorer Prof. G. Schwein- 

 furth. Dr. Heinroth and Dr. Schaff, the director of the 

 zoological garden in Hanover; there were likewise 

 horse-fanciers of first-rank, such as General Zobel, and 

 the well-known hippological writer Major R. Schoen- 

 beck. Again, the well-known zoologist, K. Mobius, 

 writing in the " National-zeitung " declared he was 

 convinced of the horse's power to count and to solve 

 arithmetical problems. He also said that he believed 

 the horse's memory and acute power of sense-dis- 

 crimination to be at the root of the matter. Those 

 who gleaned all their knowledge of the horse from news- 

 paper reading were satisfied to arrest judgment, or, on 

 the other hand, became indignant at the supposed im- 

 position on the part of the gentleman of leisure and at the 

 gullibility of the public. Some would of course attempt 

 explanations on the basis of older facts. Here we have 

 two points of view. 



» The works referred to in the text are to be found listed on pages 

 267 ff. 



