LABORATORY TESTS iii 



movement downward (instead of upward as heretofore), 

 and his thought of " left " by a movement upward. 

 (This he regarded as an idle whim of mine). It was 

 only after the twelfth test that the former " association " 

 which I myself had caused to be established, was com- 

 pletely displaced by the new. The thought of " right " 

 was now accompanied by an eye movement to the right 

 and instead of a raising there was a lowering of the head. 

 A corresponding change occurred in the head movement 

 expressive of the thought of " left ". These responses 

 were occasionally varied by some in which only the head 

 movement or only the eye movement occurred. But 

 these movements were always to the right, or downward 

 and to the right, at the thought of " right ", — and to the 

 left, or upward and to the left, at the thought of " left ". 

 In ten tests I made ten correct inferences. After the new 

 association appeared firmly established, I ceased respond- 

 ing by means of arm movements, and indicated my 

 ' guesses ' by word of mouth. At first the newly acquired 

 movements continued to appear promptly in the subjects. 

 But gradually they tended to become more uncertain and 

 finally disappeared, as readily as they had appeared, and 

 the normal conditions were once more established. Nor 

 was there any tendency to reappear on the following day 

 in another series of tests. (Those just described had 

 been made on one day in the course of an hour or two). 

 But as soon as I again used the earlier method of arm 

 movement to indicate my inferences (raising the arm for 

 "right", lowering it for "left"), the former artificial 

 association was again established, although not until 

 some 14 tests had been made, — during which the normal 

 movements to the right and left were often inhibited and 

 during which the conditions were, on the whole, chaotic. 



