LABORATORY TESTS 119 



conditions possible, we publish seven which show the 

 great general uniformity of the tests made upon the horse 

 with those made in the laboratory. The role of questioner 

 was undertaken at different times by Mr. Schillings and 

 the students of philosophy, Messrs. von AUesch, Chaym 

 and K. Zoege von Manteufifel. To all of them I am 

 greatly indebted for their unselfish services in these labor- 

 ious tests. The experiments with von Allesch and Chaym, 

 who were among the most suitable of my subjects, were 

 conducted absolutely without knowledge on their part of 

 the nature of the phenomena which I was observing. 

 Neither of them knew anything about the expressive 

 movements in which they were unconsciously indulging, 

 and furthermore, since they kept their heads bowed during 

 the entire course of these experiments, they did not per- 

 ceive' what it was that I was observing. It is interesting 

 to note that Chaym on the occasion of his only visit to 

 the horse, immediately received a number of correct 

 responses. Without a doubt von Allesch would have 

 met with equal success. The other two subjects (von M. 

 and Sch.) went through this series of tests, possessing 

 some knowledge of the nature of the movements involved. 

 Conditions were such that they (and especially Mr. 

 Schillings) could not be prevented from obtaining some 



were both very slight on account of the comparative length of the 

 levers and the small extent of the excursions, and for that reason syn- 

 chronous points lie practically in one perpendicular. Only the breathing 

 curve has been moved somewhat to the left, 7.5 millimeters in figures 6 

 and 7, 2 millimeters in figure 8, 4.5 millimeters in figure 9. (When the 

 breathing was very profound, as occasionally happened, the error of de- 

 flection would, of course, have to be taken into account.) The curves 

 here used as illustrations have been reproduced in the exact size of the 

 originals by the zinco-graphic method, though somewhat compressed 

 vertically in order to economize space. 



