REACTION OF THE HORSE 227 



horse's point of view. We may definitely say, tlierefore, 

 that the method described cannot be regarded as that of 

 training, neither in its application nor in the effect pro- 

 duced, though in the latter it closely simulates the effects 

 of the training method. 



Having thus differentiated between the methods of in- 

 struction and training, let us now attempt to decide on 

 the basis of such indications as we may possess, which of 

 the two was actually represented by the development of 

 the horse's attainments. Surveying the facts which we 

 have at hand, we may say that there are hosts of reasons 

 why we cannotj^ssurne-Jiiat it _ffias a case ^of. training. 

 Everything that we know from our own observation and 

 from the well-attested statements of others, with regard 

 to the actuaL process of instruction, weighs against the 

 assumption. "il/Vnother evidence of this is the long period 

 of time which Mr. von Osten required (both in the case 

 of Hans, as well as with his predecessor), whereas the 

 same end would have been much-jnore speedily attained 

 if it had been a case of training. i>X further argument is 

 the fact that a large horse was selected for the purpose, 

 whereas a small mare would have been far more suit- 

 able, (c. f., " Clever Rosa", page 7). -'"Again, the whip, 

 that sorcerer's rod of all professional trainers, was here 

 absent. i^ And finally, many traits of character of Mr. von 

 Osten, as well as his conduct during the whole course of 

 events, militate against such an assumption. He gener- 

 ously turned the horse over to us, as he had given it over 

 to Count zu Castell, Count Matuschka and Mr. Schillings. 

 He eagerly besought a scientific investigation. He had 

 made several reports to different ministries. All of these 

 acts could only hasten the denouement. What could have 

 been his motive? Some thought they detected an effort 



