AUDITORY SENSE OF HONEY-BEE 



177 



angles; their anterior margins move little, but their flexible 

 posterior portions vibrate rapidly; their bases do not vibrate, 

 but move slowly in and out and backward and forward; no 

 squealing was heard, but the muscles in the thorax vibrate more 

 or less slowly. When one-half of each wing was cut off, a faint 

 buzzing and a feeble squealing noise were heard. When the front 

 w|ngs were cut off as closely as possible and the hind wings were 

 pulled out by the roots, no buzzing was heard, but the squealing 

 noise was quite pronounced. While the bases of the front wings 



Figs. 1 and 2 Base of right front wing of a worker honey-bee, showing special 

 sound-producing apparatus, consisting of membranes (Me) lying between axil- 

 laries {1, 2, 3, and 4X), median plate {MP), head of radius {R), subcosta (/Sc), 

 costa (C), union of radius and media {RM), cubitus (Cw), and anal veins {1 and 

 SA). Nos. Ij la, 2, and 3, groups of olfactory pores. Fig. 1, dorsal view, and 

 fig. 2, ventral view. X 40. 



vibrated, two weak lines in them were exhibited, as indicated by 

 lines A A and BB in figure 1. The first one, starting between the 

 ends of the costa (C) and subcosta (Sc) and ending between the 

 first (^X) and fourth axillaries (^X), resembles a stiff hinge; 

 while the second one, starting from the same source, passes 

 through the weak point in the union of the radius and media 

 (RM) and ends between the first anal (lA) and third axillary 

 (SX). This line, along which the wing usually breaks when 

 this appendage is carelessly pulled off, is more rigid than the 

 other one. 



