180 N. E. McINDOO 



deaf and dumb, but her mate is only deaf, his sonorous sound- 

 producing organ being found in the abdomen. ''Happy is the 

 cicada, since its wife has no voice,'' says Xenarchos, could just 

 as well be said about the males of crickets, grasshoppers, and 

 katydids. Graber, after cutting off the front tibiae of crickets 

 and katydids, found that they responded as well to a viohn and 

 to their chirping and singing as before the operation, 



Stridulation, special sound-producing apparatus, and various 

 types of supposed auditory organs have been described in true 

 bugs, moths and butterflies, flies and mosquitoes, beetles, and 

 ants, and also in a few larvae and pupae, yet we know very Uttle 

 about this subject. 



SO-CALLED AUDITORY ORGANS OF INSECTS 



Since insects have special sound-producing organs, it is natural 

 to suppose that they also have auditory organs. The so-called 

 auditory organs of Orthoptera and of certain other insects, 

 mentioned above, need not be further discussed here, because 

 Comstock ('20, pp. 145-154) has recently given a good summary 

 on this subject. 



Supposed auditory organs of honey-bee 



In the following pages the descriptions of five supposed sound 

 receptors are given, and Janet ('11) mentions a sixth one in the 

 bee. From his brief description and drawing the details of this 

 one cannot be interpreted. The following is all that Janet says 

 about it: The chordotonal nerve departs from the antennal nerve 

 a short distance from the brain, and runs toward the integument 

 where it is inserted at a point beneath and a short distance from 

 the articular edge of the antenna. From this pomt of insertion 

 departs one end of a fusiform chordotonal ganglion, whose other 

 end gives rise to a terminal cord which runs toward the articular 

 membrane of the antenna, and is there inserted. The present 

 writer has not studied this organ, but from the above brief de- 

 scription he would eliminate it as a possible auditory organ 



a. Structure of Johnston's organ, Johnston ('55) pointed "out 

 a supposed auditory organ in the second antennal segment of the 



