190 N. E. McINDOO 



for the antennal organs to function as olfactory or gustatory 

 organs the secretion from these glands must pass through the thin 

 chitin and must keep the outer surfaces of the organs moist and 

 thus fitted for the reception of chemical stimuh. This is nice m 

 theory, but there is not one iota of truth in such an assumption, 

 because not one of the later investigators mentions having seen 

 glands connected in any way with the antennal organs. Ruland 

 in 1888 denies the presence of them, and the present writer has 

 never seen anything in the antennae which he could call glands. 

 Berlese ('09, p. 610) maintains that the essential feature of 

 these chemical sense organs is the presence of antennal glands, 

 and Comstock ('20, p. 133) quotes Berlese on this subject and 

 then describes various types of -hairs which have been called 

 organs of smell and taste. The present writer (16) does* not 

 believe that insects have a true gustatory sense and regards it 

 absurd to consider any form of hair capable of receiving chemical 

 stimuli. 



d. StrvA^ture of tibial chordotonal organs. Schon ('11) de- 

 scribed and illustrated the structure and development of the tib- 

 ial chordotonal organs in the honey-bee and ants. The present 

 writer has carefully studied the structure of the same organs in 

 the honey-bee and differs with Schon only in a few details. 



Sections through the tibiae of all three pairs of legs of workers 

 and drones were made and a chordotonal organ was invariably 

 found in each tibia sectioned. < It hes (fig. 14, 0) in the proximal 

 end of the tibia, about one-fourth the distance from the femoro- 

 tibial articulation to the'tarsotibial articulation. This portion 

 of the tibia is divided into two distinct chambers by the large 

 trachea (figs. 15 arid 16, Tr), The blood chamber (fig. 15, B) 

 contains only blood and the chordotonal organ (0), while the 

 other chamber contains blood, muscles (M), apodemes (A), 

 nerves (A^), fat-cells (F), etc. In longitudinal sections this organ 

 expands fan-like across the blood chamber and usually appears 

 to be attached by its proximal end to the hypodermis (figs. 14 

 and 19, Hyp), but in other sections where the tibia is considerably 

 compressed both its proximal and distal ends are attached to the 

 hypodermis on the anterior side of the leg (fig. 19). In a series 



