EMBERIZA LAPPONIOA. 



LAPLAND LONGSPUR. 



[Plate XIII. Fig. 2, Male ; 3, Female.] 



Fringilla lapponica, Linn. ^st. i., p. 317, Sp. 1. Faun. Suec. Sp. 235. Gmel. 

 Syst. J,, p. 900, Sp. 1. Retz. Fami. Suec. p. 242, Sp. 119. -Forst. Ph. Tr. Lxii., 

 p. 404. Fabk. Faun. Grcenl. p. 119, Sp. 8. Lath. Ind. p. 440, Sp. 18. Ubers, 

 I., p. 289, Sp. IS.— Fringilla montana, Bbiss. Orn. in., p. 160, Sp. 38. Klbi.v, 

 Av. p. 92, Sp. 10.— Fringilla calcarata, Pallas, It. p. 710, Sp. 20,fc. E. Id. in Alo. 

 French transl. III., PI. 1. Meyer & Wolf, Tasch. Devtschl. i., p. 176, Sp. 13.— 

 Emheriza lapponica, Nilsson, Orn. Suec. i., p. 1-57, Sp. 76. Ranz. El. Zool. vi., 

 p. 2i.—Emberiza calcarata, Temm. Man. Orn. i., p. 322. Brehm. Lehrb. Eur. 

 Vog. I., p. 221. Richardson, App. to Parry's 2d Voy. p. Zi^.-Passerina lappo- 

 nica, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. xxv., p. 12.— Plectrophanes calcaratus, 

 Meter, Tasch. in., p. 176, Sp. 13. — Plectrophanes lapponica, Selbt in Trans. 

 Linn. Soc. XT., p. 156, PI. 1, young. — Montifringilla congener, Aldrot. Orn. ii., 

 p. 821, PI. 823.— Lc Grand Montain, Buff. Ois. it., p. 134.— Le Pinson de Mon- 

 tague, Gerardin, Tabl. Elem. d' Orn. i., p. 186. — Lerchen Finck,BECiiST. Naturg. 

 Deutsch. in., p. 246, Sp. 16. Nadm. Nachtr. in., p. 25, PI. 20, B Female, PI. 

 40, Male in autumn. — Greater Brambling, Alb. in., p. 59, PI. 63. — Lapland 

 Finch, Penn. Arct. Zool. ii., Sp. 259. Lath. Syn. it., p. 263, Sp. 14. Ubers, 

 III., p. 256, Sp. 14. 



This species, long since known to inhabit the desolate Arctic re- 

 gions of both continents, is now for the first time introduced into the 

 Fauna of the United States ; having been omitted both in our Synopsis 

 and Catalogue. It is entitled to be ranked among the birds of this 

 country, from the fact, that a few stragglers out of the numerous bands 

 which descend in winter to comparatively warm latitudes, show them- 

 selves almost every year in the higher, unsettled parts of Maine, Michi- 

 gan, and the Northwestern territory. Even larger flocks are known 

 not unfrequently to enter the territory of the Union ; where, contrary 

 to what is generally supposed, they are observed to alight on trees, as 

 well as on the ground, notwithstanding their long and straight hind 

 nail. We think it highly probable that some individuals, especially in 

 their youth, visit in cold winters the mountainous districts of the Mid- 

 dle States ; as they are well known in Europe to wander or stray to the 

 more temperate climates of Germany, France, England, and especially 

 Switzerland ; in all which countries, however, the old birds are never 

 seen. It is not extraordinary that they should never have been ob- 

 served in the Atlantic States, as they are nowhere found in maritime - 

 countries. 



No figure of the adult male in perfect plumage, has before now, we 

 believe, been given ; and no representation at all is to be met with in 

 the more generally accessible books, or collections of plates. Mr. Selby 



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