CONTENTS 



CHAPTER LVL— LIFE-HISTORIES, CARE OF EGGS AND 

 YOUNG, AND DWELLINGS, IN BACKBONED ANIMALS 

 (Vertebrata) 



Page 



Life-Histories, &c., of Primitive Vertebrates (Protochordata). — Worm- 

 like Protochordates (Hemichorda) — Acorn-headed Worm {Balanoglossus), 

 Simple Larva, Tornaria Larva. Sea-Squirts, Ascidians, or Tunicates (Uro- 

 chorda) — Life-History of ^^«V//a ; Metagenesis in Salps ----- 420 



Life-Histories, &C., of Fishes (Pisces) — Round-Mouths {Cydosto?nata) — ~L3.m- 



preys and Lamperns {Petrornyzon), Animocoetes Larva ----- 422 



Sharks and Rays {Elasmobranchii) — Egg-Capsules of Skate {Raid), Dog- 

 Fish {Scylliuin), and Port Jackson Shark {Cesiracion) ; Embryo and Food- Yolk 424 



Ordinary Bony Fishes {Teleostei) — Size and Number of Eggs; Floating 

 Eggs of Sea-Bass {Serramis), &c. ; Adhesive Eggs of Herring {Chipeus 

 harengus); Egg -Capsules of Blennies {Bleniida); Viviparous Blenny {Zoarces 

 viviparus). Care of Eggs or Young — Butter-Fish {Centronotus Gunnelhcs); 

 Fish as Mothers — Aspredo, Solenostoma; Fish as Fathers — Arius, Greater 

 Pipe-Fish {Syngnathus acus), Sea-Horse {Hippocampus), Nests, &c., of Para- 

 dise-Fish {Macropomus "viridiauratus) and Sticklebacks {Gasterosteida). Life- 

 Histories of Turbot {Rhombus maximus), Salmon {Salnio salar), and Common 

 Eel {Anguilla vulgaris) — Leptocephalus Larva .----_ 425 



Life-Histories, Sec, of Amphibians (Amphibia) — Tailed Amphibians {Uro- 

 dela) — Newts or Efts. Moored Eggs of Spelerpes bilineatus; Egg-Bags of 

 Salaviandrella Keyserlingi. Maternal Care in Three-toed Salamander {Amphi- 

 uma means), Desmog?iathiis fitscus, and Autodax liigubris. The Axolotl 

 {Amblystoma tigrinum). Viviparous Development in Spotted Salamander 

 {Salamandra maculosa) and Black Salamander {S. atra) ----- 434 



Tailless Amphibians {Anura) — Spawning of Common Toad {Bufo vul- 

 garis). Grass Frog {Rana temporaria), and Leptodactylus mystacinus ; Egg- 

 Cases of Phyllomediisa Jheringi. Nurseries of the Ferreiro {Hyla faber). 

 Tadpoles of Ordinary Frogs and Toads. Care of Eggs in Rhacophorus 

 Schlegeli and Hylodes Martinicensis. Egg-Carrying by Males — Alytes obsteiri- 

 cans, Rhinoderma Darwini. Egg-Carrying by Females — Surinam Toad {Pipa 

 Americana), Rhacophorus reticulatus, Hyla Goeldii, and Nototrema - - - 436 



Limbless Amphibians {Gymnophiond) — Care of Eggs and Life-History in 

 Cascilians — Ichthyophis glutiyzosa, Hypogeophis, Typhlonectes compressicaudata 442 



Life-Histories, &c., of Reptiles (Reptilia) — Tuataras {Rhynchocephala) — 



Care of Eggs in the Tuatara {Haiteria pimciatd) ----.. 4^3 



Snakes {Ophidia) — Eggs of Grass-Snake {Tropidonotus natrix); "Egg- 

 Tooth " ; Care of Eggs by Female Pythons ; Viviparous Habit of Adder {Pelias 

 berus) and Marine Snakes {Hy drophincB , - - - 444 



Lizards {Lacertilia) — Eggs and "Egg-Tooth " ; Nesting Habits of Common 

 Iguana {Iguana tuberculata), Eyed Lizard {Lacerta ocellaia), Spanish Sand- 

 Lizard {Psammodromus Hispanicus), and Common Chameleon {Chamceleo vul- 

 garis). Viviparous Lizard {Zootoca vivipara) and Blind- Worm {Anguis fragilis) 445 



Turtles and Tortoises {Chclo7iid) — Care of Eggs in European Pond- 

 Tortoise {Emys orbicularis) and Edible Turtle {Chelone mydas). Dwellings of 

 the Gopher Tortoise (7>j/arf'o/o/)^/;^;«?/j') ------- 4^5 



