MENTAL LIFE OF MONKEYS AND APES 141 



(2) experimental studies of physiological processes, normal and 

 pathological, and especially of the diseases of the lower pri- 

 mates, in their relations to those of man; (3) studies of heredity, 

 embryology, and life history; (4) research in comparative anat- 

 omy, including gross anatomy, histology, neurology, and path- 

 ological anatomy. 



Each of these several kinds of research should be in progress 

 almost continuously in order that no materials or opportuni- 

 ties for observation be needlessly wasted. Because of the nature 

 of the work, it would be necessary to provide, first of all, for 

 those functional studies which demand healthy and normally 

 active organisms, whose life history is intimately and com- 

 pletely, known. This is true of all studies in behavior, whether 

 physiological, psychological, or sociological. Simultaneously with 

 behavioristic observations and often upon the same individuals, 

 genetic experiments might be conducted. This would be ex- 

 tremely desirable because of the relatively long periods between 

 generations. After the usefulness of an animal in behavioristic 

 or genetic inquiries had been exhausted, it might be made to 

 render still further service to science in various experimental 

 physiological, or medical inquiries. And finally, the same indi- 

 vidual might ultimately be used for various forms of anatomical 

 research. Thus, it is clear that the scientific usefulness of a 

 lemur, a monkey, or an ape might be maintained at a high level 

 throughout and even beyond the period of its life history. 



The program thus briefly sketched would provide either 

 directly or indirectly for work on every aspect of primate life. 

 Especially important would be the intimacy of interest and 

 cooperation among investigators, for the comparative method 

 should be applied consistently and to the limit of its value. 

 The results of various kinds of observation should be correlated 

 so that there should ultimately emerge a unitary and prac- 

 tically valuable account of primate life, to replace the patch- 

 work of information which we now possess. 



Because of the costliness of maintaining and breeding the 

 monkeys and apes, it is especially desirable that the several 

 kinds of research mentioned above should be conducted. In- 

 deed, it would seem inexcusably wasteful to attempt to main- 

 tain a primate or anthropoid station for psychological observa- 

 tions alone, or for any other narrowly limited biological inquiry. 



