140 SOCIAL HABITATIONS. 
limbs, the glands become affected, and if the cause is 
permitted to remain undisturbed, mortification takes 
place, and the sufferer dies. So the red-pepper dis- 
cipline, severe as it may be, is an absolute necessity 
with those who are unable to reason rightly, or to exer- 
cise forethought for the future. Every evening the negro 
quarter of the villages is rendered inharmonious by the 
outcries of the children who have neglected to report 
themselves in proper time, and who in consequence are 
suffering the penalty of their negligence. 
There are some insects which produce upon animals 
certain swellings which are analogous to the galls upon 
trees. Such, for example, is the well-known BREEZE 
Fy, which is so troublesome to cattle. The larve of 
this insect live under the skin of the animal, and in 
some manner raise a large swelling, that is always filled 
with a secretion on which they live. In fact, the swell- 
ing is a gall produced on an animal instead of a plant, 
and the enclosed insect feeds in a similar manner upon 
the abnormal secretion which is induced by the irritation 
of its presence. 
The larvee are fat, soft, oval-bodied creatures, and are 
notable for the flattened end of the tail, on which are 
placed two large spiracles or breathing-holes. 
Although the larva which inhabits the vegetable gall 
seems to have but small need of air, and to all appear- 
ance can exist without any apparent channel of com- 
munication with the external atmosphere, such is not 
the case with the inhabitant of the animal gall. An 
opening is always preserved in the upper part of the 
swelling, and the tail of the grub is tightly pressed 
against the aperture so as to ensure a constant supply 
of air. 
