FOREST AND FORESTRY DEFINED. 85 



sidered in relation to the economic interests of man 

 and from the standpoint of national economy, as 

 an object of man's care, a woodland placed under 

 management for "forest purposes" and, we may 

 also add, exhibiting "forest conditions." These 

 last limitations are important ones and lead to the 

 necessity of further definition. 



By the first restriction we exclude at once those 

 lands covered with trees or woody growth, which 

 serve other than forest purposes, such as coffee 

 plantations, orchards, which are grown for fruit, 

 roadside plantings and parks, which are planted or 

 kept for shade and ornament, wind-breaks con- 

 sisting of single rows of trees, which, although like 

 the other conditions of tree growth mentioned may 

 answer some functions of a forest growth, are not 

 primarily intended to fulfil forest purposes and 

 lack what we have called "forest conditions." 



The first and foremost purpose of a forest growth 

 is to supply us with wood material ; it is \}a& sub- 

 stance of the trees itself, not their fruit, their beauty, 

 their shade, their shelter, that constitute the pri- 

 mary object of this class of woodland. 



With the settlement of the country and the grow- 

 ing needs of civilization this use must and will 

 attach as an essential predicate, a fundamental 

 requisite, to any woodland left as such, whatever 

 other purposes it may or may not be designed to 

 subserve, temporarily or continuously. 



Thus if the state of New York withdraws from 



