294 ECONOMICS OF FORESTRY. 



replant it, and hand it back to the government in 

 satisfactory condition. To insure compliance with 

 this condition, a deposit of $2 to $4 per acre is ex- 

 acted. Results are not as yet on record. 



Russia's small neighbors at the southwestern 

 frontier, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Roumania also 

 can boast of quite effective forest administration. 

 In the former, which is to the extent of 50 per 

 cent forested, the state has, since 1878, instituted 

 an orderly management on its 5,cxx),ooo acres of 

 forest property, while Roumania, since 1881, has 

 not only a forest administration for its 2,500,000 

 acres of state lands, but has also a very efificient 

 and strictly enforced forest protection law, under 

 which 84 per cent of all the forest lands, the total 

 forest area being 6,800,000 acres, are declared pro- 

 tection forests, and their plans of management 

 must be sanctioned by the state authorities. Since 

 1892, there is also established a forest melioration 

 fund, to which the state contributes 2 per cent of 

 the gross revenue from its forest property, for the 

 purpose of encouraging reforestation. 



In Austria, which is wooded to the extent of 

 30 per cent, and which exports over 1^40,000,000 in 

 excess of imports, the disastrous consequences 

 which the reckless devastation and abuse of her 

 mountain forests by their owners has brought 

 upon whole communities, have led to a more 

 stringent and general supervision of private and 

 communal forests than anywhere else. In 1868 a 



