320 ECONOMICS OF FORESTRY. 



satisfactory by the county president, an appeal 

 may be made to the courts. 



3. Clearing may be forbidden, subject to appeal. 



4. If unpermitted clearing is made, reforesta- 

 tion may be enforced, but there is no right to force 

 reforestation of lands now not in forest. 



5. The ploughing of slopes may be forbidden, 

 and regulation of drainage channels ordered, but in 

 that case the corporation, for whose sake, this is 

 done, must pay the cost or damage to the owner. 



6. The state is to give financial aid in secur- 

 ing this work. 



Quite different in tone is the Bavarian law of 

 1852, revised and accentuated in 1896, which ab- 

 solutely forbids clearing, as well as any severe 

 thinning, except by permission, in all protection 

 forests, namely, on tops of mountains and ridges 

 and steep slopes, on the high Alps where danger 

 from land and snow slides is to be anticipated, or on 

 sand-dunes, and wherever waterflow is influenced. 

 The forest administration, either at the request of 

 the owner or, on its own motion and final decision, 

 by the forest courts, is to decide whether or not a 

 forest property falls in this category. The plans 

 of management for such properties must be sub- 

 mitted for sanction by the government under 

 penalty of ^20 to $300, and even $600, per acre 

 for any disobedience. Nor does the state recog- 

 nize any obligation to compensate the owner for 

 such restriction in the use of his property, although 



