448 APPENDIX. 



NOTES TO CHAPTER IV. 



P. 8i. The etymology of the word "forests" is doubtful. 

 It is only certain that it is not, as has sometimes been claimed, 

 of Latin, but of -Germanic origin, as is evidenced from a 

 manuscript of Zwentibold : " ut quandum silvam in bannum 

 mitteremus et ex ea, sicut Franci dicunt, forestem face- 

 remus." 



The unquestionable connection between vor, first, furst 

 and forst, which was originally written voorst (also vorst, 

 vorest, forest, foreht, foreis), suggests the meaning attached to 

 the word originally, namely, a piece of property set aside for 

 the use of the king or " Fiirst." 



Other etymologists have tried to relate the term foresta to 

 ferm (wild animals), ferarum static, and to foris (outside), 

 referring either to game preserves or to location outside the 

 range of the settled country. Lately again the word has been 

 referred to the Latin forus, a subdivided area. It is claimed 

 that the original meaning, namely, " restriction of the chase," 

 was of Roman origin. 



According to others the old German word signified " wood- 

 land," and only in the sixth and seventh century was specially 

 applied to the woodland owned by the kings or masters, and 

 gradually in the eighth and ninth centuries assumed the 

 restricted sense of reserved woodlands, and finally of the 

 mere legal condition and rights. 



P. 83. Foresters {forestarii) and forest guards {custodes 

 nemoris) are mentioned first under the Carolingians as hav- 

 ing charge of the forest property of the kings or lords under 

 the supervision of the majordomo; they had at first only 

 police functions, and were often taken from the serfe. It 

 was much later that their functions assumed a technical 

 character. 



P. 84. It is interesting to note the historical develop- 

 ment of the forestry idea in England and in the United 



