450 APPENDIX. 



based upon the use of the word in the Report of the U.S. 

 Forestry Division for 1886. Nor is the definition of " forest" 

 any more certain of its propriety, lacking in definiteness : " a 

 large tract of land covered with a natural growth of trees and 

 underbrush ; a large wood, woodland, often with intejvening 

 spaces of open grounds." 



NOTES TO CHAPTER V. 



P. 113. Labor In Forestry. — The labor statistics of Ger- 

 many for 1895 show one laborer employed to 310 acres in for- 

 estry and one to 10.6 acres in agriculture — a still greater 

 labor-intensity in agriculture than indicated by the figures in 

 the text, which were drawn fi-om less complete statistics. 

 Altogether 352,566 people were deriving their living directly 

 or indirectly from forestry, besides 900,000 in sawmills and 

 woodworking industries, while 17.8 millions were engaged 

 in agricultural pursuits. 



P. 1 16. Forest Labor in the United States. — In the United 

 States, according to the census of 1900, there were 382,840 

 wage-earners besides 14,333 clerks or other officials earning 

 $153,000,000, and 43,322 proprietors engaged in forest ex- 

 ploitation and sawmills and planing-mills, the wage-earners 

 varying through the year from 350 to 650 thousand. In logging 

 operations alone there were employed besides 2400 salaried 

 officials and clerks on the average 121 thousand wage-earners, 

 varying from month to month between 90 and 156 thousand, 

 the largest number being employed in January and February, 

 the smallest in July; the wages paid to these amounted to 

 $46,000,000. Translating the 35 billion feet, board measure, 

 produced roughly into acreage, say 6 million acres represent- 

 ing the harvest area, there was one man employed for every 

 50 acres cut over, giving rise to a labor earning of over $7 per 

 acre; or, if we accept 500 million acres as the productive 



