1. ECHIDNA. 379 



b. Echidna acnleata, var. typica. 



Myrm6cophagaaouleata,iS'Aflio, NatMisciii. pl.cix. (animal) (1792) ; 

 id. Gen, Zool. i. pt. i. p. 175, pi. liv. (animal) (1800); Beehst, 

 Uebers. vierf. Thiere, ii. p. 571 (1800) ; Turt. Linn. S. N. i. 

 p. 30 (1806). 



Omithorhynchiis hystrix, Some, Phil. Trans. 1802, p. 348 et seqq., 

 pis. x.-xii. (animal and anat.). ' 



Echidna hystnx, E. Geoff. Cat. Mus. p. 224 (1803) ; id. Bull, Soc. 

 Philom. iii. "no. 77," p. 226 (misprinted 126), pi. xiv. (animal) 

 (1803) ; Desml N. Diet. d'H. N. (1) xxiv., Tahl. Mm. p. 27 

 (1804) ; id. op. cit. (2) x. p. 53 (1817) ; G. Cuv. R. A. i. p. 226 

 (1817) ; Sehim, Cuv. Thierr. i. p. 339 (1821) ; Besm. Mamm, ii. 

 p. 378 (1822) ; F, Cuv, Diet. Sci. Nat. xxxvi. p. 448 (1825) ; G^-ay, 

 Griff. Cuv, 4n, K. v. p. 284 (1827) ; J. B. Fisch. Syn. Mamm. 

 p. 401 (1829) ; less. H. N. Mamm. (.Compl. Buff.) v. p. 384 (1836) ; 

 Waterh. Cat. Mamm. Mus. Z. S, p. 68 (1838) ; id, Jard, Nat. Libr., 

 Mamm. xi. p. 303, pi. xxxiii. (animal) (1841) ; Less. N. Tahl. R. 

 A., Mamm. p. 196 (1842) ; Gray, List Mamm.. B. M. p. 192 (1843) ; 

 Owen, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 80 (habits) ; Gould, Mamm. Austr. i. pi. ii. 

 (animal) (1852) ; Gieh. Siiug. p. 399 (1859) ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones 

 Mamm. B. ilf.'p. 289 (1862); Krefft, Cat. Mamm. Austr. Mus. 

 p. 55 (1864) ; id. Vert. Lower Murray, p. 23 (1865) ; id. Mamm. 

 Austr. pi. xiv. (animal) (1871) ; G. F. Benn. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 737 



Echidna longiaculeata, IXedem. Zool. i. p. 592 (1808). 

 Tachygloasus aculeatus, III. Prodr. Syst. Mamm. p. 114 (1811) ; 



Gold/. Handb. Zool. p. 409 (1820); Wagl. Syst. Amph. Sdug. 



p. 69 (1830) ; Liithm, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 150. 

 Echinopus hystrix, G. Fisch. Zoogn. iii. p. 692 (1814). 

 Echidna aouleata, Gamot, N. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1825, p. 45 (habits) ; 



Waterh. N. H. Mamm. i. p. 41 (1846) ; ' Gray, P. Z. S. 1865, 



p. 386; id. JECandl. Edentates, p. 31 (1873) ; Flow. Sr Gars. Cat. 



Ost. CoU. Surg. ii. p. 751 (1884) ; Coll. Zool. Jahrb. ii. p. 937 (1887). 

 Echidna australiensis, Less. Man, Mamm. p. 318 (1827). 

 Tachygloasus hystrix, Kaup, Thierr. i. p. 265 (1835) ; Glog. Handb. 



Naturg. i. p. 116 (1842) ; Wagn. Schr, Sdug. Svupp, iv. p. 242 



(1844) ; Schinz, Syn. Mamm, ii. p. 329 (1845) ; Armit, J, Linn, 



Soc, xiv. p. 411 (1878). 

 Echidna auatralis. Less, S. N. Mamm. (Ctompl. Buff.), v., lettering to 



pi. Iii. (1836). 

 Echidna acanthion, Coll. Forh. Vid. Selsk. 1884, no. 13 (1885) ; id. 



P. Z. S. 1885, p. 150. 

 Echidna aouleata typica, Thos. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 338, pl. xxiii. fig. B 



(skuU). 



Common Echidna. 



Size intermediate between the Papuan and Tasmanian varieties. 

 Beak long in proportion. Covering of face and area round ears 

 made up either whoUy or largely of flattened bristles. Bristles on 

 face extending forwards on to the beak in front of each eye, leaving 

 a naked backward projection in the central line above, and another 

 on each, cheek below the level of the eye. Colour of head not, or 

 scaxcely, lighter than that of back. Spines of back long, stotit, and 

 strong, often attaining a length of two inches or more, and generally 



