ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE NATURAL ORDERS 



OP ALL THE PLANTS DESCRIBED IN THIS WORK, rOUNDED ON SOME OF 

 THE EASIEST CHARACTBES, CHBEFLT THOSE FURNISHED BY THE FLOWER, 



Seeies I. PH^NOGAMOUS ok FLOWERING PLANTS: 

 those producing real flowers and seeds. 



Class I. DICOTYLEDONOUS or EXOGENOUS PLANTS. 



Stems formed of bark, wood, and pith ; the wood forming a layer be- 

 tween the other two, and increasing, when the stem continues from year to 

 year, by the annual addition of a new layer to the outside, next the bark. 

 Leaves netted-veined. Embryo with a pair of opposite cotyledons, or in 

 Subclass II. often 3 or more in a whorl. Parts of the flower mostly in 

 fours or fives. 



Subclass I. ANGIOSPEKM^. Pistil consisting of a closed ovary 

 which contains the ovules and the seeds. 



Division I. POLYPETALOUS : the calyx and corolla both present; the 

 latter of separate petals. 



A* Stamens numerous^ at least more than twice as many as the i-9pet<Us. 

 1. Calyx entirely free and separate from the pistU or pistils. 

 # Stamens unconnected either with the calyx or corolla^ kypogynous. pj^_g 



Pistils numerous, but cohering over eacli other on a long receptacle. MAONOLIACEa!, 16 

 Pistils several. Immersed in the upper surface of a top-shaped receptacle. NELUMBIACE.^, 21 

 Pistils more than one, wholly separate and distinct 

 Filaments scarcely any, much shorter than the anther. Trees. ANONACESl, 17 



Filaments longer than the anther. 

 Anthers 4-celled, tlobed. Flowers dioecious. Woody Tines. MENISPBRMACES, 18 

 Anthers 2-celled. Flowers mostly perfect. Herbs. 

 Petals and mostly the sepals also deciduous. RANUNCULACE*, 2 



Petals and sepals persistent after flowering. CABOMBACES;, 22 



Pistils only one, or 2 - several more or less completely united into one. 

 Ovaxy simple, 1-celled witli one parietal placenta. 

 Filaments shorter than the anthers : petals large. PodophyUnm in BBRBERIDACED, 19 

 Filaments slender. Petals smaller than the sepals. RANIINCULAOE.aB, 2 



Ovary compound, 8 -30-celled : ovules borne on the partitions. NYMFHXACE^, 22 



Ovary compound, l.«elisd, with a free central placenta. PORTOLAOACE^, 63 



6* 



