AKTIFICIAL KEY TO THE NATURAL ORDERS. XXlij 



B« Flffvoers {monacioia t^ duEdous) one er both sorts in ecUkUis, 



* OrQ/y one sort of fiow&rs in catkins or catkm4iJce heads. 



Fertile flower forming a ehort catkin or strobile in firolt. HumuluB in UBTICACE^, 394 



Fertile flovers single or clustered : sterile ones in slender catkins. 

 Nut in an iuTolucre or cup. Leaves simple. OUPULIFER^, 403 



Dry drupe naked, with no involucre. Leaves pinnate. JUGLANDACE^ 401 



* * Both the sterile and fertile flowers in catkins or heads. 



Fruit a thin dehiscent pod. Seeds numerous, downy-tufted. SALIOACE^, 413 



Fruit a woody pod. Seeds naked. Liquidambar in HAMAMELACE^, 148 



Fruit a berried drupe or drupe-like. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled. 



Farasldo : leaves opposite, ttiiok. LOBANTHACEJi;, 383 



Not parasitic : leaves alternate, fragrant. MYBICACEiE!, 409 



Fruit, L e. the pericarp itself, a nutlet or achenium. 



Nutlets winged or oblong, under dry or woody scales. BETULACE.^, 410 



Nutlets club-shaped, naked, plumose-Iiairy below. PLATANACEiB, 400 



Achenia thin, surrounded by an herbaceous or often Juicy calyx. UKTICACE^, 394, 



Subclass II. GYMNOSPERM.^. Pistil an open scale or altered 

 leaf, bearing naked ovules on its mar^n or upper surface, or in Taxus 

 entirely wanting. 

 Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Stems branched. Leaves simple. CONIFERS, 420 



Class n. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS ok ENDOGENOUS PLANTS. 



Sterna with the wood collected into separate bundles or threads, which 

 are irregularly dispersed throughout the whole diameter, leaving no dis- 

 tinct pith in the centre ; not forming annual layers. Leaves mostly paral- 

 lel-veined. Embryo with a single cotyledon, and the first leaves alternate. 

 Parts of the flower generally in threes. 



A. Flowers destitute of any proper floral envelopes {either calyx or coroUa)^ and also ofglutnes 

 like those of Grasses and Sedges^ mostly aggregated on a spadisc, 



1. T&restrial or aguaticj with root^ stemj and leaves. 



Fruit a I'-tew-seeded berry. Spathe conspicuous. ARACEiB, 426 



Fruit a dry nutlet. Flowers densely spiked or capitate. Marsh herbs. TTPB1ACE.ZE;, 429 



Fruit a nutlet, drupe, or utricle. Immersed ac^uatics. NAIABAOE^, 431 



2. Floating free : no distinction of stem and foliage. 



Flowers bursting from the edge of a floating frond. LEMNACEiE, 430 



B* FTowers toith true floral envelopes {perianth) representing the calyx or calyx and corolla. 

 L Flowers densely crowded on a spadix. Certain ABACE^, 426, and NAIADACE^, 431 



2. Flowers solitary^ clustered^ or variously disposed^ hut not collected on a spadix. 



* Perianth adherent to the ovary or to its base. 

 Flowers dioecious or polygamous, regular. 

 Aquatics. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent. HYDROCHABEDACBiE, 440 



Climbers, veiny-leaved. Pod 3-winged. DIOSOOREACE^, 460 



Flowers perfect. (Pod several - many-seeded ) 

 Stamens 1 or 2, gynandious. Pod 1-celled with 8 parietal placentte. ORCHIDACEiE:, 442 

 Stamens 3, before the outer divisions of the perianth. Pod 3-celled. 

 Anthers turned inwards. BURMANNIACRffl, 442 



Anthers turned outwards. IRIDACE^, 459 



Stamens 3, before the inner divisions of the perianth. 1 H^MODORACEffl 467 



Btamens 6. Perianth free except the base. ' 



