vioLACE^. (violet familt.) 43 



7. V. cncullik.ta, Ait. (Common Blue Violet.) Leaves all long- 

 petioled and upright, heart-shaped with a broad sinus, varjdng to kidney-shaped and 

 dilated-triangular, smootli, or more or less pubescent, the sides at the base rolled 

 inwards when young, obtusely serrate ; lateral and often the lower petals bearded; 

 spur short and thick; stigma obscurely beaked or beakless. — Low grounds, 

 common eveiywhere. April -June. — Very variable in size, &c. and in the 

 color and size of the (usually large) flowers, which are deep or pale violet-blue 

 or purple, sometimes nearly white, or variegated with white. Scapes 3'- 10' 

 high. Passes by intermediate forms of all sorts into 



Var. palm^ta. (Hand-leaf Violet.) Leaves variotisly 3-1-defi or 

 parted, or the earlier ones entire on the same individual. (V. palmata, L.) — 

 Common, especially southward. 



8. v. villosa, "Walt., Nutt. (Haikt Violet.) Leaves mostly short- 

 petioled and lying flat on the ground, orbicular or round-heart-shaped with a narrow 

 or closed sinus, hairy especially above, or nearly smooth, thickish ; lateral and 

 mostly the lower petals bearded ; spur short and thick ; stigma beaked. (V. 

 cordifolia, Schwein. V. sororia. Lie Conte, &c., scarcely of Willd.) — Dry hills 

 and woods, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and southward. April, May. — Smaller 

 than the last, 2'-4' high: "corolla reddish-blue." Probably only a round- 

 leaved variety of the next. 



9. V. sagcittata, Ait. (Abbow-leaved Violet.) Smoothish or 

 hairy ; leaves on short and margined, or the later often on long and naked petioles, 

 varying from oblong-heanrt-shaped to halberd-shaped, arrow-shaped, oUony-lanceolale 

 or ovate, denticulate, sometimes cut-toothed near the base, the lateral or occasion- 

 ally all the (purple-blue) petals bearded ; spur short and thick ; stigma beaked. 

 (V. ovata, Nutt., & V. emarginata, Le Conte, are states of this variable species.) 



— Dry or moist open places, New England to Illinois and southward. April, 

 May. — Flowers rather lai'ge. 



10. v. delphinifolia, Nutt. (Lakkspuk Violet.) Leaves all pal- 

 matdy or pedately 5 - T -parted, the divisions 2 - 3-cleft ; lobes linear ; lateral petals 

 bearded; stigma short-beaked. — Rich praii-ie soil, Illinois and westward. April. 



— Much resembles the next. 



11. V. pedata, L. (Bikd-foot Violet.) Nearly smooth; leaves all 

 3-5-divided, or the earliest only parted, the lateral divisions 2-3-parted, all 

 linear or narrowly spatulate, sometimes 2 - 3-toothed or cut at the apex ; petals 

 beardless ; stigma nearly l)eakless. — Sandy or gravelly soil, New England to 

 Illinois and southward. May. — Flower large and handsome, 1' broad, pale or 

 deep lilac-purple or blue ; the two upper petals sometimes deep violet and vel- 

 vety like a Pansy. 



* * Leafy-stemmed, from subterranean perennial rootstocks. 

 Steins leafy from the base to the summit, branching : flowers not yellow, sometimes 

 produced all summer long. 



12. v. rostrkta, Pursh. (Long-Spuered Violet.) Stems ascending 

 (3'-6'lugh); leaves roundish-heart-shaped, serrate, the upper acute; stipules 

 lanceolate,- fringe-toothed, large; spur slender, longer than the pale violet beardless 

 petals; style straight and slender; stigma terminal, beakless. — Shaded hill- 



