44 VIOLACEiE. (violet FAMILY.) 



sides, Maine to Ohio and Kentucky ; rare. June, July. — Spur J' long. An- 

 ther-spurs also very long. 



13. V. inufalenltcrgii, Torr. (Ambeican Doa Violet.) Stems 

 ascending (3' -7' long), at length with creeping branches; leaves round-heart- 

 shaped, or the lowest kidney-form, crenate, the uppei-most slightly pointed; 

 Btipules lanceolate, fringe-toothed ; spur a/lindrical, about half the length of the 

 pale violet petals, the lateral ones slightly bearded ; stigma beaked. — Shaded wet 

 places ; common. May, Jime. 



14. V. Striata, Ait. (Pale Violet.) Stems angular, ascending, 

 branching (6' -10' high) ; leaves heart-shaped, finely serrate, often acute; sti- 

 pules oblong-lanceolate, large, strongly fringe-toothed ; spur thickish, much shorter 

 than the cream-colored petals, the lateral ones bearded, the lower striped with 

 purplish lines; stigma beaked. — Low grounds; common, especially westward. 

 April - Oct. 



15. T. Canadensis, L. (Canada Violet.) Upright (1°- 2° high); 

 leaves heart-shaped, pointed, serrate ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire ; petals white 

 or whitish inside, the upper ones tinged with violet beneath, the lateral bearded ; 

 spur van/ short ; stigma beakless, hairy on each side. — Rich woodg^; common 

 northward and along the AUeghanies. May - Aug. 



^- ^- Stems mostly simple, erect, naked below, and 2 - i-leaved above ." stipules nearly 

 entire : flowers yellow : stigma not beaked, but bearded on each side. 



16. V. pultescens, Ait. (Downy Yellow Violet.) Softly pubes- 

 cent (6'- 12' high) ; leav&i very broadly heart-shaped, toothed, somewhat pointed ; 

 Btipules ovate or ovate-lanceolate, large ; spur exti-emely short ; lower petals 

 veined with pm-ple. — Woods; common. May -Aug. 



Var. erioc&rpa, ISTutt. More pubescent, stout, l°-2°high; pods wool- 

 ly. (V. eriocarpa, Schwein.) — Common westward. 



Var. ScabrillSCUla, Torr. & Gray. Smaller and gi'eener, slightly 

 pubescent; stems often decumbent (4'-10' high). — Ehode Island to Ohio and 

 Kentucky. 



17. v. tiastata, Michx. (Halbeed-leaved Violet.) Nearly gla- 

 brous, slender (4' -10' high) ; stem-leaves halberd-shaped, slightly seiTate, acute; 

 stipules ovate, small ; spur very short. — Mountains of Pennsylvania and south- 

 ward. June. 



* * # Leafy-stemmed annuals or biennials : the 4 upper petals ascending. 



18. v. teIoolob, L. (Pansy. Heaet's-ease.) Stem angled and 

 branched ; leaves roundish, or the upper oval and the lowest heart-shaped, cre- 

 nate or entire ; stipules very largo and leaf-like, lyrate-pinnatifid ; petals vari- 

 able in color or variegated (yellow, whitish, violet-blue and purple) ; — in var. 

 Aevensis shorter or rather longer than the calyx. — Dry or sandy soil, New 

 York to Kentucky and southward : doubtless only a small state of the Garden 

 Pansy run wild. (Nat. from Eu.) 



V. odokAta, the Sweet Violet of Europe, which far excels all the Amer- 

 ican species in fragrance, sometimes grows spontaneously near dwellings. 



