152 TJMBELLIFER^. (PARSLET FAMILY.) 



5. DAIJCUS, Toum. Carrot. 



' Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla irregular. Fruit OToid or oblong; the carpela 

 scarcely flattened on the back, with 5 primary slender bristly ribs, two of them 

 on the inner face, also with 4 equal and more or less winged secondary ones, 

 each bearing a single row of slender bristly prickles : an oil-tube under each of 

 these ribs. — Biennials, with finely 2-3-pinnate or pinnatifid leaves, cleft invo- 

 lucres, and concave umbels, dense in fruit. (The ancient Greek name.) 



1. D. Cak6ta, L. (Common Carkot.) Stem bristly; involucre pinnati- 

 fid, nearly the length of the umbel. — Spontaneous in old fields in certain places. 

 July - Sept. — Flowers white or cream-color, the central one of each umbellet 

 abortive and dark purple. Umbel in fruit dense and concave, resembling a 

 burd's nest. (Adv. from En.) 



6. P01,YT.^NIA, DC. Poltt2enia. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Fi-uit oval, very flat, with an entire broad and thick corky 

 margin, the impressed back very obscurely ribbed : oil-tubes 2 in each inter- 

 val, and many in the corky margin. — A smooth herb, resembling a Parsnip, 

 with twice-pinnate leaves, the uppermost opposite and 3-cIeft, no involucres, 

 bristly involucels, and bright yellow flowers. (Name from jroXvi, 7701701, and 

 Taivia, u, fillet, alluding to the numerous oil-tubes.) 



1. P. IfuttAllii, DC. — Barrens, Michigan, Wisconsin, and southwest- 

 ward. May. — Stem 2° - 3° high. 



7. HEKACLtritt, L. Cow-Parsnip. 



Calyx-teeth minute. Fruit as in Pastinaca, but the oil-tubes shorter than the 

 carpels (reaching from the summit to the middle). Petals (white) inversely 

 heart-shaped, those of the outer flowers commonly larger and radiant, appeai'ing 

 2-clcfE. — Stout perennials, with broad sheathing petioles and large flat umbels. 

 Involucre deciduous : involucels many-leaved. (Dedicated to Hercules.) 



1. H. lanfktuin, Michx. Woolly; stem grooved; leaves 1-2-temately 

 compound ; leaflets somewhat heart-shaped ; fruit obovatc or orbicular. — Moist 

 rich ground ; most common northward. June. — A very large, strong-scented 

 plant, 4° - 8° high, in some places wrongly called Master-wort. 



8. PASTINACA, Toum. Parsnip. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit oval, flat, with a thin single-winged margin ; the 

 carpels minutely 5-ribbed ; three of the ribs equidistant on the back, the lateral 

 ones distant from them and contiguous to the margin ; an oil-tube in each inter- 

 val running the whole length of the fruit. Petals yellow, roundish, entire ; none 

 of the flowers radiant. — Chiefly biennials, with spindle-shaped roots, and pin- 

 nately-compound leaves. Involucre and involucels small or none. (The Latin 

 name, from pastus, food.) 



1. P. SATivA, L. (Common Parsnip.) Stem grooved, smooth; leaflets 

 ovate or oblong, obtuse, cut-toothed, somewhat shining above. — Fields, &c 

 July. (Adv. from Eu.) 



