160 COENACE^. (dogwood FAMILY.) 



beneath. — River-banks, Pennsylvania to Kentucky and southward : common in 

 cultivation. July, August. 



2. A. racemosa, L. (Spikenard.) Herhciceous; stem vnddy Irranched ; 

 leaflets heart-ovate, pointed, doubly sen-ate, slightly downy; umbels racemose- 

 panicled; styles united hdow. — 'Rich, woodlands. July. — Well known for its 

 spicy-aromatic lai'ge roots. There are ti'aces of stipules at the dilated base of 

 the leafstalks. 



* # Umbels 2-7, corymbed : stem short, somewhat woody. 



3. A. Iiispida, Michx. (Bristly Saksaparilla. Wild Elder.) 

 Stem (l°-2° high) bristly, leafy, terminating in a peduncle bearing several um- 

 bels ; leaves twice pinnate ; leaflets oblong-ovate, acute, cut-serrate. — Eocky 

 places ; common northward, and southward along the mountains. June. 



4. A. lltldicaulis, L. (Wild Sarsapakilla.) Stem scarcely rising 

 out of the ground, smooth, bearing a single long-stalked leaf and a shorter naked scape, 

 with 2-7 umbels ; leaflets oblong-ovate or oval, pointed, serrate, 5 on each of 

 the 3 divisions. — Moist woodlands ; with the same range as No. 3. May, June. 

 — The aromatic horizontal roots, which are several feet long, are employed as 

 a substitute for the oflicinal Sarsaparilla. Leafstalks 1° high. 



42. GfNSENG, Decaisne & Planchon. (Panax, £.) — Flowers diceciously po- 

 lygamous : styles and cells of the (red or reddish) fruit 2 w 3: stem herbaceous, low, 

 simple, bearing at its summit a whorl of 3 palmately 3 - Ifoliolate leaves {or per- 

 haps rather a single and sessile twice-cmnpound leaf), and a single umbel on a slen- 

 der naked peduncle. 



5. A. quinquefolia. (Ginseng.) Root large and spindle-shaped, often 

 forked (4' -9' long, aromatic) ; stem 1° high; leaflets long-stalked, mostly 5, large 

 and thin, obovate-oblong, pointed ; styles mostly 2 ; fruit bright red. (Panax 

 quinquefolium, L.) — Rich mountam woods ; becoming rare. July. 



6. A. trifolia. (Dwarf Ginseng. Ground-nut.) Root or tuber glob- 

 ular, deep in the ground (pungent to the taste, not aromatic) ; stems 4'- 8' high; 

 leaflets 3-5, sessile at the summit of the leafstalk, nan'owly oblong, obtuse ; styles 

 usually 3 ; fruit yellowish. 



HiDERA HiLix, the European Ivy, is almost the only other representative 

 of this family in the northern temperate zone. 



Order 54. CORNACEjE. (Dogwood Family.) 



Shrubs or trees (rarely herbaceous), with opposite or alternate simple leaves, 

 the calyx-tube coherent loith the 1 - 2-celled ovary, its limb minute, the petali 

 (valvate in the bud) and as many stamens borne on the margin of an epigy- 

 nous disk in the perfect flowers ; style one; a single anatropous ovide hang- 

 ing from the top of the cell ; the fruit a 1 - 2-seeded drupe ; embryo nearly- 

 the length of the albumen, with large and foliaceous cotyledons. — A small 

 family, represented by Cornus, and by a partly apetalous genus, NyssEU 

 (Bark bitter and tonic.) 



