«ORNACEiE. CdOGWOOD FAMILY.) 161 



1. c6R]yi;S, Toum. CoKKEL. Dogwood. 



Flowers perfect (or in some foreign species dicEcious). Calyx minutely 4 

 toothed. Petals 4, oblong, spreading. Stamens 4 : filaments slender. Style 

 slender : stigma terminal, fiat or capitate. Drupe small, with a 2-celled and 2- 

 seeded stone. — Leaves opposite (except in one species), entire. Flowers small, 

 in open naked cymes, or in close heads which are surrounded by a corolla/-like 

 involucre. (Name from comu, a horn ; alluding to the hardness of the wood.) 



§ 1. Flowers greenish, collected in a head or close duster, which is surrounded by a 

 large and showy, i-leaved, corolla4ike, white involucre : fruit bright red. 



1. C. Canadensis, L. (Dwakf Coknel. Bunch-bebey.) Scot* 

 hw and simple (5' -7' high) from a slender creeping and subterranean rather 

 woody trunk ; leaves scarcely petioled, the lower scale-like, the upper crowded 

 into an apparent whorl in sixes or fours, ovate or oval, pointed ; leaves of the 

 involucre ovate ; fruit globular. — Damp cold woods, common northward. June. 



2. C fldrida, L. (Floweking Dogwood.) Leaves ovate, pointed, 

 acutish at the base; leaves of the involucre inversely heart-shaped or notched (Ij' 

 long) ; fruit oval. — Eocky woods ; more common southward. May, June. — 

 Tree 12° -30° high, very showy in flower, scarcely less so in fruit. 



i 2. Flowers white, in open and flat spreading cymes ; involucre none: fruit ^herical. 

 * Leaves all opposite : shrubs. 



3. C. circinata, L'Her. (Bound-leaved Coknel or Dogwood.) 



Branches greenish, warty-dotted ; leaves round-oval, abruptly pointed, woolly under- 

 neath {i' - 5' broad) ; cjraes &a,t ; fruit light Hue. — Copses; in rich soil. June. 

 — Shrub 6° - 10° high. Leaves larger than in any othe^species. 



4. C. sericca, L. (Silky Coknel. Kinnikinnik.) Branches pur- 

 plish ; the brarwhlets, stalks, and lower surface of the narrowly ovate or elliptical 

 pointed leaves silky-dawny (often rusty), pale and dull; cymes flat, close; calyx- 

 teeth lanceolate ; _/r«ji yafe 6/«e. — Wet places; common. June. — Shrub 3° — 

 10° high. Flowers yellowish-white. 



5. C stolonifcra, Michx. (Ked-osiek Dogwood.) Branches, espe- 

 cially the osier-like annual shoots, bright red-purple, smooth ; leaves ovate, rounded at 

 the base, abruptly short-pointed, roughish with a minute close pubescence on 

 both sides, whitish underneath ; cymes small and flat, rather few-flowered, nearly 

 smooth ; fruit white or lead-color. — Wet banks of streams ; comjnon, especially 

 northward. It multiplies by prostrate or subtenanean suckers, and forms large 

 dense clumps, 3° - 6° high. June. 



6. C. asperifolia, Michx. (Rodgh-leated Dogwood.) Branches 

 brownish ; the branchlets, Ifc. rough-pubescent ; leaves oblong or ovate, on very shoi't 

 petioles, pointed, rough with a harsh pubescence above, and owny beneath ; calyx- 

 teeth minute. — Dry or sandy soil, Illinois and southward. May, Jane. 



7. C. Stricta, Lam. (Stiff Coknel.) Branches brownish or reddish, 

 smooth ' leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, acutish at the base, glabrous, 

 of nearly the same hue both sides ; cymes loose, flatfish ; anthers and fruit pale blue. 

 Swamps, &c. Virginia and southward. April, May. — Shrub 8° - 15° high. 



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