CAPHIFOLIACE^. (hONKYSUCKLE FAMILY.) 167 



flowers in compound cymes. (Name from trafi^vKr), an ancient musical instru- 

 ment, supposed to have been made of Elder-wood.) 



1. S. Canadensis, L. (Common Eldke.) Stems scarcely woody 

 (5° -10° high) ; leaflets 7-11, oblong, smooth, the lower often 3-parted; cymes 

 flat ; fruit black-purple. — Eich soil, in open places. June. 



2. S. pubens, Michx. (Red-bbkried Eldek.) Stems woody (2°- 

 18° high), the bark warty; leaflets 5-7, oeate-lanceotate, downy underneath; cymes 

 panicled, convex or pyramidal ; fruit bright red (rarely white). — Rocky woods; 

 chiefly northward, and southward in the mountains. May : the fruit ripening 

 in June. 



7. VIB'tlClVUM, L. Aekow-wood. LAnKESiiNcs. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla spreading, deeply 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Stigmas 

 1-3. Fruit a 1-celled, l-seeded drupe, with tliin pulp and a crustaceous flat- 

 tened stone. — Shrubs, with simple leaves, and white flowers in flat compound 

 cymes. Petioles sometimes bearing little appendages like stipules. Leaf buds 

 naked, or in No. 9 scaly. (The classical Latin name, of unknown meaning.) 



§ 1. Flowers ail alike and perfect. (Fruit blue or black, glaucous.) 

 * Leaves entire, or toothed, not lobed. 



1. V. nfildum, L. (Withe-rod.) Leaves thickish, oval, oblong or 

 lanceolate, dotted beneath, like the short petioles and cymes, with small brownish scales, 

 smooth above, not shining, the margins entire or wavy-creTiate ; cyme short-pedunded ; 

 fruit round-ovoid. — Vai'. 1. Clatt6ni has the leaves nearly entire, the veins 

 somewhat prominent underneath, and grows in swamps from Massachusetts 

 near the coast to Virginia and southward. Var. 2. cassinoIdes (V. pyrifo- 

 lium, Pursh, Sfc. ) has more opaque and often toothed leaves ; and grows in cold 

 swamps from Pennsylvania northward. May, June. — Shrub 6° - 10° high. 



2. T. prunifolium, L. (Black Haw.) Leaves broadly oval, Muse 

 at both ends, findy and sharply serrate, shining above, smooth ; petioles naked ; 

 cymes sessile; fruit ovoid-oblong. — Dry copses, S. New York to Ohio, and 

 southward. May. — A ti'ee-like shi-ub, very handsome in flower and foliage. 



3. V. liCnt&gO, L. (Sweet Viburnum. Sheep-beery.) Leaves 

 ovate, strongly pointed, closely and very sharply serrate, smooth, the long margined 

 petioles with the midrib and branches of the sessile cyme sprinkled with rusty 

 glands when young ; fruit oval. — Copses, common. May, June. — Tree 

 15° -20° high, handsome; the fruit ^' long, turning from red to blue-black, 

 and edible in auttlmn. 



4. V. ObOVatum, Walt. Leaves obovcUe, obtuse, entire or denticulate, glor 

 brous, thickish, small (I'-lJ' long), shining; cymes sessj'fe, small. ^River-banks, 

 Virginia and soxithward. May. — Shrub 2° - 8° high. 



5. v. dentatum, L. (Arrow-wood.) Smooth; leaves broadly ovate, 

 coarsely and sharply toothed, strongly straight-veined, on slender petioles ; cymes pe- 

 dnncled; fruit (small) ovoid-globose, blue. — Wet places; common. June. — 

 Plu-uh 5° - 10° high, with ash-colored bark ; the pale leaves often with hairy tufts 

 in the axils of the strong veins. 



