1G8 EUBIACE^. ,(mADDER FAMILY.) 



6. V. pub^scens, Pursh. (Downt Akkow-wood.) Leaves ovate or 

 obhng-ovate, acute or pointed, coarsely toothed, rather strongly straight-Teinccl, 

 the lower surface and the very short petioles vdvety-doumy ; cymes peduncled ; fruit 

 ovoid. — Rocks, W. Vermont to Wisconsin and Kentucky. June. — Shmb 

 straggling, 2° -4° high. (V. moUe, Michx. is probably a form of this.) 



* * Leaves 3-lobed, roundish ; the lobes pointed. 



7. V. acerifolium, L. (Maple-leaved Aeeow-wood. Dock- 

 3IACKIE,) Leaves 3-ribbed and roundish or heart-shaped at the base, downy under- 

 neath, coarsely and unequally toothed, the veins and stalks hairy ; cymes long- 

 peduucled, many-flowered; fniit oval; filaments long. — Rocky woods, common. 

 May, June. — Shnib 3° - 5° high. 



8. V. pauciflorum, Pylaie. Smooth, or nearly so; leaves mosdy trun 

 cate and 5-ribbed at the base, with 3 short lobes at the summit, unequally seirate 

 throughout ; cymes small and simple, peduncled ; filaments shorter than the corolla. — 

 Cold woods, mountains of N. Hampshire and New York ; Wisconsin and north- 

 ward. ( V. Oxycoccas, var. eradiitum, Oakes. ) — A low straggling shrub, with 

 larger leaves than No. 6, serrate all round, and less deeply lobed than in No. 8. 



§2. 6PXJLUS, Toum. — Marginal fiowers of the cyme destitute of stamens and 

 pistils, and with corollas many times larger than Hie others, formijig u kind of 

 ray, as in Hydrangea. 



9. V. Opulus, L. (Ckanbebkt-tkee.) Nearly smooth, upright; leaves 

 strongly S-lobed, broadly wedge-shaped or truncate at the base, the spreading lobes 

 pointed, toothed on the sides, entire in the sinuses ; petioles bearing stalked 

 glands at the base; cyTnes peduncled; fniit ovoid, red. (V. Oxycoccus and V. 

 6dule, Pursh.) — Shmb 5° - 10° high, showy in flower. The acid fruit is used 

 as a (poor) substitute for cranberries, whence the name High Cranberry-bush, &e. 

 — The well-known Snow-ball Teee, or Gueldee-Eose, is a cultivated state, 

 with the whole cyme turned into large sterile flowei's. (Eu.) 



10. v. lantanoidcs, Michx. (Hobble-bubh. Ameeican Wayfae- 

 ING-TEEE.) Leaves round-ovate, abruptly pointed, heart-shaped at the base, closely 

 seirate, many-veined ; the veins and veinlets underneath, along with the stalks 

 and branclilets, very scurfy with rusty-colored tufts of minute down ; cymes sessile, 

 veiy broad and flat ; fruit ovoid, crimson turning blackish. — Cold moist woods. 

 New England to Penn. and northward, and southward in the AUeghanies. May. 

 — A straggling shrub ; the long, procumbent branches often taking root. Flow- 

 ers handsome. Leaves 4' - 8' across. 



Oeder 56. RUBIACEJE. (Madder Family.) 



Shrubs or herbs, with opposite entire leaves connected by interposed stipules, 

 or rarely in whorls without apparent stipules, the calyx coherent with the 2-4 

 celled ovary, the stamens as many as the lobes of the regular corolla (3 - 5) 

 and inserted on its tube. — Fruit various. Seeds anatropous or amphitro- 

 pous. Embryo commonly pretty large, in copious hard albumen. — A very 

 large family, the greater part, and all its most important plants (such as 



