R0biacejE. (madder family.) 169 



the Coffee and Peruvian-Bark trees), tropical, divided into two suborders. 

 To these, in our Flora, it is convenient to append a third for a few plants 

 which are exactly Rubiaceae except that the calyx is free from the ovary. 



SuBOEDER I. STELLAT.^;. The True Madder Family. 



Leaves whorled, with no apparent stipules. Ovary entirely coherent 

 with the calyx-tube. Calyx valvate in the bud. — Chiefly herbs. 



1. GALIUM. Corolla wheel-shaped, 4t (or rarely 3-) parted. S'ruit twin, 2~fleedcd, separating 



into 2 indehiscent carpels. 



Suborder II. CINCH ONE.a;. The Cinchona Family. 



Loaves opposite, or sometimes in whorls, with stipules between them. 



Ovary coherent with the calyx-tube, or its summit rarely free. 



# Ovules and seeds solitary in each cell. 

 4- Flowers axillary, separate. Fruit dry when ripe. HerlHI. 



2. SPERMACOCE. Corolla funnel-form or salver-form ; lobes 4. Fruit separating when ripo 



into 2 carpels, one of them closed, the other open. 



3. DIODIA. Fruit separating into 2 or 3 closed and indehiscent carpels. 



.t- H- Flowers in a close and round long-pednncled head. Fruit dry. Shrubs. 

 1. CEPHALAN'THUS. Corolla tubular ; lobes 1. Fruit inversely pyramidal, 2-1-aeeded. 



■*-■<-■*- Flowers twin ; their ovaries united into one. Fruit a berry. 

 &. MITCHELLA. Corolla funnel-form ; its lobes 4. — A creeping herb. 



* * Ovules and seeds many or several in each cell of the pod. 

 6. OLDENLANDIA. Lobes of the corolla and stamens 4, or rarely 5. Pod loculicidaL 



Suborder III. LOGANIE.S;. The Logania Family. 



Leaves opposite, with stipules between them. Ovary free from the car 

 lyx. Corolla valvate or imbricated in the bud. 



7 MITREOLA. Corolla short. Ovary and pod mitre-shaped or 2-beaked ; the 2 short styles 



separate below, but at first united at the top. Seeds many. 

 8. SPIGELIA. Corolla tubular-funuel-form. Style 1. Pod twin, the 2 cells few-seeded. 



Suborder I. STELIiATjE. The True Madder Family. 



1. GAIiliriW, L. Bedsxeaw. Cleavers. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete. Corolla 4-parted, rarely 3-pai-ted, wheel-shaped. Sta- 

 mens 4, rarely 3, short. Styles 2. Fruit diy or fleshy, globular, twin, separat- 

 ing when ripe into the 2 seed-like, indeliiseent, 1-seeded caipels. — Slender 

 herbs, with small cymoso flowers, square stems, and wliorlcd leaves : the roots 

 often containing u red coloring matter. (Name from ya\a, milk, which some 

 species are used to curdle.) 



* Annwil : leaves about 8 in a whorl : peduncles 1 - 2-Jlowered, axillary. 



I. Cr. A|»a.rlne, L. (Cleavers. Goosb-Grass.) Stem weak and 

 reclining, bristle-prickly backwards, hairy at the joints ; leaves lanceolate, taper- 

 ing to the base, short-pointed, rough on the margins and midrib (l'-2' long) : 

 15 



