RUBIACE^. (madder FAMILY.) 171 



lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, tapering to the apex (2' long) j cordla glabrous : 

 otherwise like the last. — Woodlands ; common northward. 

 ■1- t- +- Peduncles many-flowered: flowers in open cymes, dull purple: fruit smootJu 

 9. G. latifoliam, Michx. Stems erect (1° -2° high), smooth; leaves 

 in fours, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, the midrib and margins rough ; 

 flowers all on long and slender spreading pedicels ; . corolla-lobos bristle-pointed. 

 — Dry woodlands, Alleghany Mountains from Maryland southward. July. 

 1- -I- t- -1- Pedundes many-flowered, in close terminal panicles. 



10. G. bore&Ie, L. (Nokthekn Bedsteaw.) Stem upright (l°-2'' 

 Ugh), smooth ; leaves in flmrs, linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved ; panicle elongated ; 

 flowers white ; fndt minutdy bristly, sometimes smooth. — Eocky banks of 

 streams; common, especially northward. Juno -Aug. (Eu.) 



11. G. viiKUM, L. (Yellow Bedstraw.) Stem upright, slender ; leaves 

 in aghts, linear, grooved above, roughish, deflexed ; flowers yellow, crowded; fruit 

 gmoath. — Diy fields, E. Massachusetts. July. (Adv. from Eu.) 



BtiiiiA tinct6kia, L., the cultivated Maddek, — from wliich the order is 

 named, — has a berry-like fruit ; the parts of the flower 5. 



Suborder II. CINCHdMEiE.. The Cinchona Family.* 



2. SPERMAC6CE, L. Button-weed. 



Calyx-tube short ; the limb parted into 4 teeth. Corolla funnel-form or 

 salver-form ; the lobes valvate in the bud. Stamens 4. Stigma or style 2-cleft. 

 Fruit small and dry, 2-celled, 2-seeded, splitting when ripe into 2 carpels, one 

 of them carrying with it the partition, and therefore closed, the other open on 

 the inner face. — Small herbs, the bases of the leaves or petioles connected by a 

 bristle-bearing stipular membrane. Plowers small, crowded into sessile axillary 

 whorled clusters or heads. Corolla whitish. (Name compounded of trTre'p/xa, 

 seed, and dxaiKri, a point, probably from the pointed calyx-teeth on the fruit.) 



1. S. g^Ia1>l'a, Michx. Glabrous; stems spreading (9' -20' long) ; leaves 

 oblong-lanceolate ; whorled heads many-flowered ; corolla little exceeding the 

 calyx, bearded in the throat, bearing the anthers at its base ; filaments and style 

 hardly any. IJ. — River-banks, S. Ohio, Illinois, and southward. Aug. 



3. DIODIA, L. Button-weed. 



Calyx-teeth 2-5, often unequal. Fruit 2- (rarely 3-) celled ; the crustaceous 

 carpels into which it splits all closed and indehiscent. Otherwise nearly as in 

 Spermacoce. (Name from &io8os, a thoroughfare ; the species often growing by 

 the way-side.) 



* In Beveral genera, such as Mitchella, Oldenlandia, &c., the flowers, although perfect, are of 

 two sorts in different individualfl ; — one sort having exserted stamens, home in the throat of 

 the corolla, and short included styles ; the other having included stamens inserted low down in 

 the corolla, and long, usually exserted styles. Such we call dicBciously dimorplums. 



