176 DipsACE^. (teasel family.) 



a rather short tabe to the corolla, the limb of which is nearly regular, 

 and therefore belong to the section (by many botanists taken as a genus) 

 Valeeianella. 



1. F. olit6eia, Vahl. Fruit compressed, oblique, at length broader than 

 long, with a corhy or spongy mass at the back of the fertile cell nearly as large as the 

 (often confluent) empty cells; flowers bluish. — Fields, Penn. to Virginia: rare. 

 (Adr. from Eu.) 



2. F. Fag:opymin, Torr. & Gr. Fruit ovate-triangular, smooth, not grooved 

 between the (at length confluent) empty cdls, which form the anterior angle, and are 

 much smaller than the broad and flat fertile one; flowers white. — Low grounds, 

 from Western New Yorlt to Wisconsin and Kentucky. May, June. — Plant 

 l°-2°high. 



3. F. radiata, Michx. Fruit moid, downy (rarely smooth), obtusely and 

 unequally somewhat 4-angled; the empty cells parallel and contiguous, but with a 

 deep groove between them, rather narrower than the flMltish fertile cell. — 'LoM 

 grounds, Penn. to Michigan, and southward. — Plant 6' -15' high. 



4. F. Iimbilicata, SuUiv. Fruit globular-ovate, smooth ; the much inflated 

 sterile cells under and many times thicker than theflattish fertile one, contiguous, and 

 when young with a common partition, when grown, indented with a deep circular 

 depression in the middle, opening into the confluent sterile cells ; liracts not cili- 

 ate. — Moist grounds, Columbus, Ohio, Sullivant. {Sill. Jour., Jan. 1842.) 



5. F. patcllraria, SuUiv. Fruit smooth, circular, platter-shaped or disk- 

 like, slightly notched at both ends, the flattened-concave sterile cells widely diver- 

 gent, much broader than the fertile one, and forming a kind of wing around it 

 when ripe. — Low grounds, Columbus, 0\ao, Sullivant. — Plant l°-2° high, 

 resembling tlio last, but with a very different fruit. 



Order 58. DIPSACEjE. (Teasel Family.) 



Herbs, with opposite or whorled leaves, no stipules, and the flowers in 

 dense heads, surrounded by an involucre, as in the Composite Family ; hut 

 the stamens are distinct, and the suspended seed has albumen. — Represented 

 by the Scabious (cultivated) and the genus 



1. WIPSACUS, Tonra. Teasel. 



Involucre many-leaved, longer than the chaify leafy-tipped and pointed bracts 

 among the densely capitate flowers : each flower with a 4-leaved calyx-like in- 

 volucel investing the ovary and fruit (achenium). Calyx-tube coherent with 

 the ovary, the limb cup-shaped, without " pappus. Corolla nearly regular, . 

 4-cleft. Stamens 4, inserted on the corolla. Style slender. — Stout and coarse 

 biennials, hairy or prickly, with large oblong heads. (Name from di'^do), 

 to thirst, probably because tlie united cup-shaped bases of the leaves in some 

 species hold water.) 



1. D. STLVESTBis, Mill. (WiLD Tbasel.) Prickly; leaves lance-oblong; 

 leaves of tlie involucre slender, longer than the head ; bracts (chaff') tapering 



