COMPOSITiE. (composite FAMILY.) 179 



+- ■*- Eeceptacle chaffy. 

 Ea^R neutral (rarely pistillate but sterile) ; the disk-flowers perfect and fertile 

 Ueceptoole elevated (varying from strongly convex to columnar), and 



Chaffy only at the summit ; the chaff deciduous. Pappus none. . . No. 61, 

 Chaffy throughout. Achenia flattened laterally If at all. . . . 86-40. 



Receptacle flat. Achenia flattened parallel with the scales or chaff. . 41, 42. 



Rays pistillate and fertile ; the disk-flowers also perfect and fertile. 



Achenia much flattened laterally, 1 - 2-awned. 43. 



Achenia flattened parallel with the scales and chaff. Pappus none. ... 63. 



Achenia 3 - 4-aDgular, terete or laterally flattish, awnless. 



Beceptacle convex or conical. Leaves alternate, dissected. .... 62. 

 iteceptacle conical. Leaves opposite, simple. 



Achenia obovoid. Involucre a leafy cup. . . . 32. 



Achenia 4-angular. Involucre of separate scales 35. 



Keceptacle flat. Leaves opposite and simple. ... . . S3, 34. 



Rays pistillate and fertile : the disk-flowers staminate and sterile (pistil imperfect). 



Beceptacle chaffy 25-28. 



Systematic Synopsis* 



Tbide I. VKRlVOIVIACKJEi. Heads discoid ; the flowers all alike, perfect and tubu- 

 lar. Branches of the style long and slender, terete, thread-shaped, minutely bristly- 

 hairy all over. — Leaves alternate or scattered. 

 li VERNONTA. Heads several - many-flowered, separate. Involucre of many scales. Pap- 

 pus of many capillary bristles. 



2. ELEPHANTOPUS. Heads 3-6-flowered, crowded into a compound head. Involucre of 



8 scales. Pappus of several chaffy bristles. 



TiWBB II. EUPATORIACE.^. Heads discoid, the flowers all alike, perfect and tu- 

 bular ; or in a few cases dissimilar, and the outer ones ligulate. Branches of the style 

 thickened upwards or club-shaped, obtuse, flattish, uniformly minutely pubescent ; the 

 stigmatic lines indistinct. 



Subtribe 1. Edpatoeie^. Flowers all perfect and tubular, never truly yellow. 



* Pappus a row of hard scales. 



3. SGLEROLEPIS. Head many-flowered. Scales of the involucre equal. Leaves whorled. 



* * Pappus of slender bristles. 



4 LIATRIS. Achenia many-ribbed. Bristles of the pappus plumose or barbellate Corol- 

 las red-purple, 5-lobed. 



5. KUHNIA. Achenia many-ribbed. Bristles of the pappus very strongly plumose. Corollas 

 whitish, 5-toothed. 



6 EUPATORIUM Achenia 5-aDgled. Bristles of the pappus roughish. Scales of the invo- 



lucre many or several. Receptacle of the flowers fiat. 



7 MIKANIA Achenia and pappus as No. 6. Scales of the involucre and flowers only 4 



8. CONOCLINIUM. Achenia, pappus, &c. as No. 6. Receptacle conical. 



Subtribe 2. TtissiLAGiNE.ffi. Flowers (sometimes yellow) more or less monoecious or dioecious, 

 at least of 2 sorts in the same head. 

 « Outer flowers of each (many-flowered) head pistillate and ligulate. Scape leafless. 



9. NARDOSMIA. Heads corymbed. Flowers somewhat dioeciou's. Pappus capillary. 



10. TUSSILAGO. Head single j the outer pistillate flowers in many rows. Pappus capillary. 



* * Flowers all tubular Stem leafy. 

 11 ADENOCAULON. Head few-flowered ; the outer flowers pistillate. Pappus none 



Tribe III. A STKROIDE JE. Heads discoid, with the flowers all alike and tubular j or 

 radiate, the outer ones ligulate and pistillate. Branches of the style in the perfect flow- 



